Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2009 Dec;27(6):661-9. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2009.08.003. Epub 2009 Aug 21.
Chemokines not only act as chemoattractants for immune cells, but also exert immunomodulatory actions, thus modulating the immune functions of their target cells. In rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), twenty-four chemokines have been identified to date. Even though their sequences have been reported, their biological role has been scarcely elucidated and the role that these chemokines have on the antiviral response in fish has been poorly studied. In this sense, in the current work, we have determined the levels of expression of several of these rainbow trout chemokines (CXCd, gammaIP, CK1, CK3, CK5B, CK6, CK7A, CK9 and CK12) in head kidney and spleen during the course of a viral infection using two different viruses, viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), comparing them to the levels induced by poly I:C. We also determined the effects that the two viruses and poly I:C provoked on the levels of expression of these chemokines in vitro in head kidney leucocytes. Overall, VHSV was capable of modulating gammaIP, CXCd, CK1, CK3, CK5B, CK6 and CK12, while IPNV induced a very different chemokine profile and affected CK1, CK5B, CK6, CK7A, CK9 and CK12. On the other hand, a viral mimic such as poly I:C was capable of up-regulating gammaIP, CXCd, CK1, CK3, CK5B, CK7A and CK12. As more information becomes available concerning the immune role and target cells that these chemokines have on rainbow trout, we would be able to better interpret the importance of these differences in the pathogenicity of these two viruses.
趋化因子不仅作为免疫细胞的趋化因子发挥作用，还具有免疫调节作用，从而调节靶细胞的免疫功能。在虹鳟鱼（Oncorhynchus mykiss）中，迄今为止已鉴定出二十四种趋化因子。尽管已经报道了它们的序列，但它们的生物学功能尚未得到充分阐明，并且这些趋化因子在鱼类抗病毒反应中的作用也尚未得到充分研究。在这种情况下，在当前的工作中，我们使用两种不同的病毒（病毒性出血性败血症病毒（VHSV）和传染性胰腺坏死病毒（IPNV））在虹鳟鱼头肾和脾脏中确定了几种趋化因子（CXCd、gammaIP、CK1、CK3、CK5B、CK6、CK7A、CK9 和 CK12）的表达水平在病毒感染过程中，将其与多聚 I：C 诱导的水平进行了比较。我们还确定了两种病毒和多聚 I：C 在体外对头肾白细胞中这些趋化因子表达水平的影响。总体而言，VHSV 能够调节 gammaIP、CXCd、CK1、CK3、CK5B、CK6 和 CK12，而 IPNV 诱导了非常不同的趋化因子谱，并影响了 CK1、CK5B、CK6、CK7A、CK9 和 CK12。另一方面，病毒模拟物，如多聚 I：C，能够上调 gammaIP、CXCd、CK1、CK3、CK5B、CK7A 和 CK12。随着有关这些趋化因子在虹鳟鱼中的免疫作用和靶细胞的更多信息的出现，我们将能够更好地解释这两种病毒致病性差异的重要性。
