Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Innate Immun. 2009 Oct;15(5):261-312. doi: 10.1177/1753425909106436. Epub 2009 Aug 26.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes serious nosocomial infections, and an important virulence factor produced by this organism is lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This review summarizes knowledge about biosynthesis of all three structural domains of LPS - lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and O polysaccharides. In addition, based on similarities with other bacterial species, this review proposes new hypothetical pathways for unstudied steps in the biosynthesis of P. aeruginosa LPS. Lipid A biosynthesis is discussed in relation to Escherichia coli and Salmonella, and the biosyntheses of core sugar precursors and core oligosaccharide are summarised. Pseudomonas aeruginosa attaches a Common Polysaccharide Antigen and O-Specific Antigen polysaccharides to lipid A-core. Both forms of O polysaccharide are discussed with respect to their independent synthesis mechanisms. Recent advances in understanding O-polysaccharide biosynthesis since the last major review on this subject, published nearly a decade ago, are highlighted. Since P. aeruginosa O polysaccharides contain unusual sugars, sugar-nucleotide biosynthesis pathways are reviewed in detail. Knowledge derived from detailed studies in the O5, O6 and O11 serotypes is applied to predict biosynthesis pathways of sugars in poorly-studied serotypes, especially O1, O4, and O13/O14. Although further work is required, a full understanding of LPS biosynthesis in P. aeruginosa is almost within reach.
铜绿假单胞菌可引起严重的医院获得性感染，而该生物体产生的一个重要毒力因子是脂多糖（LPS）。 本篇综述总结了 LPS 的所有三个结构域（脂质 A、核心寡糖和 O 多糖）生物合成的知识。 此外，基于与其他细菌物种的相似性，本文提出了铜绿假单胞菌 LPS 生物合成中未研究步骤的新假设途径。 讨论了与大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌相关的脂质 A 生物合成，并总结了核心糖前体和核心寡糖的生物合成。 铜绿假单胞菌将共同多糖抗原和 O 特异性抗原多糖连接到脂质 A-核心上。 分别讨论了这两种形式的 O 多糖的独立合成机制。 重点介绍了近十年来该主题最后一次重大综述以来，在理解 O-多糖生物合成方面的最新进展。 由于铜绿假单胞菌 O 多糖含有不寻常的糖，因此详细审查了糖核苷酸生物合成途径。 从 O5、O6 和 O11 血清型的详细研究中获得的知识被应用于预测研究较少的血清型（尤其是 O1、O4 和 O13/O14）中糖的生物合成途径。 尽管还需要进一步的工作，但几乎可以完全理解铜绿假单胞菌的 LPS 生物合成。
