Xu Zhongxian, Li Feng, Liu Qian, Ma Tianyuan, Feng Xiaolan, Zhao Guijun, Zeng Dejun, Li Diyan, Jie Hang
Sichuan Wildlife Rehabilitation and Breeding Research Center, Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, China.
Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Mar 5;15:1322316. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1322316. eCollection 2024.
Forest musk deer is the most important animal for natural musk production, and the musk composition changes periodically during musk secretion, accompanied by variation in the com-position of deer-symbiotic bacteria. GC-MS and 16S rRNA sequencing were conducted in this study, the dynamic changes to correlated chemical composition and the microbiota across musk secretion periods (prime musk secretion period, vigorous musk secretion period and late musk secretion period) were investigated by integrating its serum testosterone level in different mating states. Results showed that the testosterone level, musk composition and microbiota changed with annual cycle of musk secretion and affected by its mating state. Muscone and the testosterone level peaked at vigorous musk secretion period, and the microbiota of this stage was distinct from the other 2 periods. Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were dominant bacteria across musk secretion period. PICRUSt analysis demonstrated that bacteria were ubiquitous in musk pod and involved in the metabolism of antibiotics and terpenoids in musk. "Carbohydrates and amino acids," "fatty acids and CoA" and "secretion of metabolites" were enriched at 3 periods, respectively. , , , were potential biomarkers across musk secretion. This study provides a more comprehensive understanding of genetic mechanism during musk secretion, emphasizing the importance of and in the synthesis of muscone and etiocholanone during musk secretion, which required further validation.
林麝是天然麝香生产的最重要动物，麝香成分在麝香分泌过程中会周期性变化，同时伴有与鹿共生细菌组成的变化。本研究进行了气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）和16S rRNA测序，通过整合其在不同交配状态下的血清睾酮水平，研究了麝香分泌期（麝香分泌盛期、麝香分泌旺盛期和麝香分泌后期）相关化学成分和微生物群的动态变化。结果表明，睾酮水平、麝香成分和微生物群随麝香分泌的年度周期变化，并受其交配状态影响。麝香酮和睾酮水平在麝香分泌旺盛期达到峰值，该阶段的微生物群与其他两个时期不同。放线菌、厚壁菌门和变形菌门是整个麝香分泌期的优势菌。PICRUSt分析表明，细菌在香囊中普遍存在，并参与麝香中抗生素和萜类化合物的代谢。“碳水化合物和氨基酸”、“脂肪酸和辅酶A”以及“代谢产物分泌”分别在三个时期富集。 、 、 是整个麝香分泌期的潜在生物标志物。本研究为麝香分泌过程中的遗传机制提供了更全面的理解，强调了 和 在麝香分泌过程中麝香酮和表雄酮合成中的重要性，这需要进一步验证。
