Szypula Jan, Iwulski Piotr, Kedziora Józef
Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2009 Jun;26(156):587-90.
Blood platelets (thrombocytes) are specialized cells, which play a very important role in the human blood clotting mechanism. They are colourless, varied in shape, nucleus free pieces of cytoplasm of megakaryocytes. Activated platelets excrete the contents of alfa-granules (e.g: growth factors) into the surrounding blood. For the last three decades, growth factors have been increasingly examined. Their main families are the following: PDGF, TGF-beta, IGF or EGF. The aim of the study is to present the current state of knowledge about the structure and function of the platelets and the views on their application in the treatment of tissue (bone) healing disorders.
The following analysis contains a presentation of morphology and biochemistry of the blood platelets. The presented results of clinical and laboratory estimation following the use of platelet-rich substances have been gathered from available literature. Furthermore, the authors have described their own cases of five patients with non-union treated for chronic, inflammation of bones by use of PDGF.
The authors of mentioned literature references report the efficacy of using platelet-rich substances as a very positive method in process of soft tissue and bone healing. Among five patients, who were treated in MSWiA with WMCO hospital in Olsztyn four were successfully and permanently cured. One patient's inflammation returned after a year following the treatment.
Examples, we present in this study, show how many various problems can be solved in modern medicine by using platelet-derived substances. In our opinion, further research of the role they fulfill in the processes of healing of soft tissues and bones, as well as the development of an effective technology for their mass production, will surely lead to a common, clinical application of these substances.
血小板是特殊的细胞，在人体血液凝固机制中发挥着非常重要的作用。它们无色，形状各异，是巨核细胞无核的细胞质碎片。活化的血小板将α颗粒（如生长因子）的内容物分泌到周围血液中。在过去三十年里，人们对生长因子的研究越来越多。它们的主要家族如下：血小板衍生生长因子（PDGF）、转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）、胰岛素样生长因子（IGF）或表皮生长因子（EGF）。本研究的目的是介绍关于血小板结构和功能的当前知识状态，以及它们在治疗组织（骨）愈合障碍中的应用观点。
以下分析介绍了血小板的形态学和生物化学。使用富含血小板物质后的临床和实验室评估结果是从现有文献中收集的。此外，作者描述了他们自己治疗的5例慢性骨不连伴骨炎症患者使用血小板衍生生长因子的病例。
上述文献的作者报告称，使用富含血小板的物质是软组织和骨愈合过程中一种非常有效的积极方法。在奥尔什丁的弗米亚-马祖里医科大学附属瓦尔米亚中心医院接受治疗的5例患者中，4例成功治愈且未复发。1例患者在治疗一年后炎症复发。
我们在本研究中展示的例子表明，在现代医学中使用血小板衍生物质可以解决许多不同的问题。我们认为，进一步研究它们在软组织和骨愈合过程中所起的作用，以及开发一种有效的大规模生产技术，肯定会导致这些物质在临床上的广泛应用。
