Flor Herta, Diers Martin
Department of Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
NeuroRehabilitation. 2009;25(1):19-27. doi: 10.3233/NRE-2009-0496.
Several disorders that involve motor and sensory disturbances such as chronic pain, tinnitus, stroke or dystonia are also characterized by changes in the sensory and motor maps in the sensorimotor cortices. This article reviews training procedures that target these maladaptive changes and the behavioral and cortical changes that accompany them. In addition, we will discuss factors that influence these training procedures and discuss new developments. These procedures include training of perceptual abilities, motor function, direct cortical stimulation as well as behavioral approaches and have been shown to reorganize the altered sensory and motor maps. Treatments that combine several modalities such as imagery or mirror treatment as well as use of prostheses also have beneficial effects. Further research must elucidate the mechanisms of these plastic changes and relate them to disorders and treatments.
一些涉及运动和感觉障碍的病症，如慢性疼痛、耳鸣、中风或肌张力障碍，其特征还包括感觉运动皮层中感觉和运动图谱的变化。本文综述了针对这些适应不良变化的训练方法以及伴随这些变化的行为和皮层变化。此外，我们将讨论影响这些训练方法的因素并探讨新的进展。这些方法包括感知能力训练、运动功能训练、直接皮层刺激以及行为方法，并且已被证明可以重组改变的感觉和运动图谱。结合多种方式的治疗方法，如图像或镜像治疗以及假体的使用，也具有有益效果。进一步的研究必须阐明这些可塑性变化的机制，并将它们与病症及治疗联系起来。
