躁狂评定量表（ORSM）：编制、心理测量学特性和实用性。
The Observer-Rated Scale for Mania (ORSM): development, psychometric properties and utility.
机构信息
Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité Campus Mitte, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
出版信息
J Affect Disord. 2010 Apr;122(1-2):179-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2009.07.022. Epub 2009 Aug 28.
BACKGROUND
The diagnosis of mania largely depends on the quality of information the physician is provided with. Often, the patient cannot give an accurate account of the symptom development and thus information from relatives and friends is required. No systematic rating instrument is available, however, to facilitate this.
OBJECTIVE
In this study, the psychometric properties of the 49-item Observer-Rated Scale for Mania (ORSM) are reported.
METHODS
The scale was used in 113 inpatients and the following psychometric aspects were assessed: reliability, test-retest reliability, construct validity (factor analysis, discriminant analysis, comparison of means), extreme-group validity, prognostic validity, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values.
RESULTS
The ORSM proved highly valid and reliable. Factor analysis revealed three factors which were labelled euphoric mania, instable mania and psychotic mania.
CONCLUSION
The ORSM is a useful instrument to help non-professionals who are in regular contact with the patient diagnosed a manic/mixed episode. It thus complements existing rating scales for mania, which are either designed for professionals or are self-rating instruments.
背景
躁狂症的诊断在很大程度上取决于医生所获得的信息质量。通常，患者无法准确描述症状的发展过程，因此需要从亲属和朋友那里获取信息。然而，目前尚无系统的评定工具来辅助这一过程。
目的
本研究报告了 49 项观察评定躁狂量表（ORSM）的心理测量学特性。
方法
该量表在 113 名住院患者中使用，评估了以下心理测量学方面：信度、重测信度、结构效度（因子分析、判别分析、均值比较）、极端组效度、预后效度、灵敏度、特异性、阳性和阴性预测值。
结果
ORSM 具有高度的有效性和可靠性。因子分析揭示了三个因子，分别命名为欣快性躁狂、不稳定躁狂和精神病性躁狂。
结论
ORSM 是一种有用的工具，可帮助与诊断为躁狂/混合发作的患者有常规接触的非专业人员。它补充了现有的躁狂症评定量表，这些量表要么专为专业人员设计，要么为自评工具。
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