Baylor Family Medicine Residency at Garland, Garland, Texas, USA.
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2009;5:421-32. doi: 10.2147/ndt.s4101. Epub 2009 Aug 20.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in young adults and causes significant psychosocial impairment and economic burden to society. Because of the paucity of long-term evidence and lack of national guidelines for diagnosis and management of adult ADHD, most of the data are based on experience derived from management of childhood ADHD. This article reviews the current evidence for the diagnosis and management of adult ADHD with special emphasis on the role of methylphenidate hydrochloride preparations in its treatment. Methylphenidate hydrochloride, a stimulant that acts through the dopaminergic and adrenergic pathways, has shown more than 75% efficacy in controlling the symptoms of adult ADHD. Although concern for diversion of the drug exists, recent data have shown benefits in preventing substance use disorders in patients with adult ADHD.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是青年人群中最常见的精神障碍之一，会给社会带来严重的心理社会损害和经济负担。由于缺乏长期证据和国家成人 ADHD 诊断和管理指南，大多数数据都基于从儿童 ADHD 管理中获得的经验。本文综述了成人 ADHD 的诊断和管理的现有证据，特别强调了盐酸哌甲酯制剂在治疗中的作用。盐酸哌甲酯是一种通过多巴胺能和肾上腺素能途径起作用的兴奋剂，在控制成人 ADHD 症状方面显示出超过 75%的疗效。虽然对药物滥用的担忧存在，但最近的数据显示，对成人 ADHD 患者使用该药物有预防物质使用障碍的益处。
