Department of Psychology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 72701, USA.
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2009 Dec;40(4):544-57. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2009.07.005. Epub 2009 Aug 6.
Diathesis-stress models of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) assert that traumatic events function as stressors that interact with vulnerabilities to influence the development of PTSD. The present study prospectively examined negative attributional style (NAS) and anxiety sensitivity (AS) as maintenance factors for PTSD in female adult sexual assault victims. A diathesis-stress model was tested by examining interactions between the vulnerabilities and negative life events. The present study included both the traditional three-factor model of PTSD (re-experiencing, avoidance and emotional numbing, and arousal) and the dysphoria four-factor model of PTSD (re-experiencing, avoidance, arousal, and dysphoria). Robust regression analyses revealed that negative life events at Time 2 significantly predicted increases in all clusters of the three-factor model (i.e., re-experiencing, avoidance and numbing, and arousal) and the re-experiencing, arousal, and dysphoria clusters of the four-factor model (but not avoidance). Neither NAS nor AS significantly independently predicted any of the symptom clusters for either model. Both NAS and AS interacted with negative life events to predict increases in the avoidance and numbing symptoms. However, examination of the dysphoria four-factor model of PTSD revealed that the NAS and AS interactions with negative life events only predicted dysphoria symptoms.
创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的素质-应激模型认为，创伤性事件作为应激源，与易感性相互作用，影响 PTSD 的发展。本研究前瞻性地检查了消极归因方式（NAS）和焦虑敏感（AS）作为女性成年性侵犯受害者 PTSD 的维持因素。通过检查易感性与负面生活事件之间的相互作用，检验了素质-应激模型。本研究包括 PTSD 的传统三因素模型（再体验、回避和情感麻木、唤醒）和 PTSD 的四因素模型（再体验、回避、唤醒和抑郁）。稳健回归分析显示，第 2 时间的负面生活事件显著预测了三因素模型（即再体验、回避和麻木以及唤醒）和四因素模型（即再体验、唤醒和抑郁）的所有症状集群的增加（但回避没有增加）。NAS 和 AS 均不能独立显著预测任何模型的症状集群。NAS 和 AS 与负面生活事件相互作用，预测回避和麻木症状的增加。然而，对 PTSD 的四因素模型的检查显示，NAS 和 AS 与负面生活事件的相互作用仅预测抑郁症状。
