Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2009 Dec;35(12):1567-78. doi: 10.1177/0146167209344628. Epub 2009 Sep 2.
This article examines why people may blame innocent victims of robbery or sexual assault. We propose that in experiential mind-sets associative links are formed between the victim and the negative event. As the creation of such links is independent of explicit beliefs, people in experiential mind-sets produce negative reactions to the victim independent of their just-world beliefs. Rationalistic mind-sets, however, instigate propositional and consistency-based reasoning. For people who strongly endorse just-world beliefs (such as people who have strong predispositions to believe that the world is just or whose just-world beliefs have been threatened strongly), learning about an innocent victim creates a logically inconsistent system of beliefs. This inconsistency can be resolved by blaming the victim. For people who only weakly endorse just-world beliefs, there is no inconsistency in the first place and therefore no need to blame the victim. Two experiments support this line of reasoning.
本文探讨了为什么人们可能会指责抢劫或性侵犯的无辜受害者。我们提出，在经验心态中，受害者和负面事件之间会形成联想联系。由于这种联系的形成独立于明确的信念，因此处于经验心态中的人们会产生对受害者的负面反应，而不受其公正世界信念的影响。然而，理性心态会引发命题和一致性推理。对于强烈支持公正世界信念的人（例如，强烈倾向于相信世界是公正的人，或者其公正世界信念受到强烈威胁的人），了解无辜受害者会导致一个逻辑上不一致的信念系统。通过指责受害者，可以解决这种不一致。对于那些只是轻微支持公正世界信念的人来说，首先就不存在不一致，因此没有必要指责受害者。两个实验支持了这一推理思路。
