Hafer C L
Department of Psychology, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2000 Aug;79(2):165-73. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.79.2.165.
Two experiments tested whether innocent victims threaten observers' belief in a just world. In both experiments, participants viewed an innocent victim then performed a modified Stroop task in which they identified the color of several words presented for brief exposures (followed by a mask) on a computer screen. When the threat to justice beliefs was presumably highest, color-identification latencies were greater for justice-related words than for neutral words. In Experiment 2, under conditions of high threat, justice-related interference predicted participants' tendency to disassociate themselves from and derogate the victim. These findings suggest that innocent victims do threaten justice beliefs and responses to these victims may, at times, be attempts to reduce this threat. The methodology presented here may be applied to future investigations of defensive, counternormative processes reflecting people's concern with justice.
两项实验检验了无辜受害者是否会威胁观察者对公正世界的信念。在这两项实验中，参与者先观看一名无辜受害者，然后进行一项改良的斯特鲁普任务，即识别电脑屏幕上短暂呈现（随后有掩蔽）的几个单词的颜色。当对公正信念的威胁可能最高时，与公正相关的单词的颜色识别潜伏期比中性单词更长。在实验2中，在高威胁条件下，与公正相关的干扰预测了参与者与受害者脱离关系并诋毁受害者的倾向。这些发现表明，无辜受害者确实会威胁公正信念，对这些受害者的反应有时可能是为了减少这种威胁。这里介绍的方法可能适用于未来对反映人们对公正关注的防御性、反规范过程的研究。
