Norman Andria L, Crocker Nicole, Mattson Sarah N, Riley Edward P
Center for Behavioral Teratology, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA.
Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2009;15(3):209-17. doi: 10.1002/ddrr.72.
The detrimental effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on the developing brain include structural brain anomalies as well as cognitive and behavioral deficits. Initial neuroimaging studies of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed previous autopsy reports of overall reduction in brain volume and central nervous system (CNS) disorganization, with specific structural abnormalities of the corpus callosum, cerebellum, caudate, and hippocampus. Advances in neuroimaging techniques have allowed detection of regional increases in cortical thickness and gray matter volume along with decreased volume and disorganization of white matter in individuals with FASD. In addition, functional imaging studies have found functional and neurochemical differences in those prenatally exposed to alcohol. Behavioral alterations noted in individuals with FASD are consistent with the findings noted in the brain imaging studies. Continued neuroimaging studies are needed to further advance understanding of the neuroteratogenic effects of alcohol.
孕期酒精暴露对发育中的大脑产生的有害影响包括大脑结构异常以及认知和行为缺陷。最初利用磁共振成像（MRI）对胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）进行的神经影像学研究证实了先前尸检报告中关于脑容量总体减少和中枢神经系统（CNS）紊乱的情况，胼胝体、小脑、尾状核和海马体存在特定的结构异常。神经影像学技术的进步使得能够检测出FASD个体的皮质厚度和灰质体积的局部增加，以及白质体积减少和紊乱。此外，功能成像研究发现，那些在孕期接触酒精的个体存在功能和神经化学差异。FASD个体中观察到的行为改变与脑成像研究中的发现一致。需要持续进行神经影像学研究，以进一步加深对酒精神经致畸作用的理解。
