School of Nursing, Yale University, 100 Church Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
J Nurs Educ. 2009 Nov;48(11):648-53. doi: 10.3928/01484834-20090828-02. Epub 2009 Nov 6.
This project evaluated the effects of an art museum experience on the observational skills of nursing students. Half of a class of non-nurse college graduates entering an accelerated master's degree program (n = 34) were assigned to a museum experience, whereas the other half (n = 32) received traditional teaching methods. Using original works of art, students participated in focused observational experiences to visually itemize everything noted in the art piece, discriminate visual qualities, recognize patterns, and cluster observations. After organizing observed information, they drew conclusions to construct the object's meaning. Participants visiting the museum subsequently wrote more about what they saw, resulting in significantly more objective clinical findings when viewing patient photographs. In addition, participants demonstrated significantly more fluidity in their differential diagnosis by offering more alternative diagnoses than did the control group. The study supports the notion that focused viewing of works of art enhances observational skills.
本研究评估了艺术博物馆体验对护理专业学生观察技能的影响。一个非护理专业本科毕业生的加速硕士学位项目班（n=34）的一半学生被分配到博物馆体验，而另一半（n=32）则接受传统教学方法。学生使用原创艺术作品进行集中观察体验，以视觉方式列出艺术作品中的所有内容，辨别视觉品质，识别模式，并对观察结果进行分类。在组织观察信息后，他们得出结论以构建对象的意义。参观博物馆的参与者随后会更多地描述他们所看到的内容，因此在观察患者照片时会有更客观的临床发现。此外，与对照组相比，实验组在鉴别诊断中表现出更流畅性，提供了更多的替代诊断。该研究支持这样一种观点，即集中观看艺术作品可以提高观察技能。
