Li Jinping, Dowdy Sean, Tipton Tracy, Podratz Karl, Lu Wei-Guo, Xie Xing, Jiang Shi-Wen
Department of Biomedical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine at Savannah, Savannah, GA 31404, USA.
Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2009 Sep;9(6):555-66. doi: 10.1586/erm.09.39.
Ovarian and endometrial cancer will be diagnosed in over 63,000 women in 2009, resulting in 22,000 deaths in the USA. Histologic screening, such as pap smears for detection of cervical cancer, is not feasible for these diseases given difficulty with access to the tissue. Thus, a serum- screening test using a biomarker or panel of biomarkers would be useful to aid in cancer diagnosis, detection of recurrence and as a means to monitor response to therapy. In this review, we focus on the human epididymis protein (HE)4 gene, which appears to have potential as a biomarker for both of these diseases. The structure and methods of detection of HE4 are discussed. Preliminary data show that HE4 may have more potential than cancer antigen 125 in discriminating benign from cancerous ovarian masses, and has the strongest correlation with endometrial cancer of all markers tested to date. Utilizing risk stratification, a panel of biomarkers including HE4 may ultimately be useful for detecting ovarian and endometrial cancer at an early stage in patients at high risk.
2009年，美国将有超过6.3万名女性被诊断出患有卵巢癌和子宫内膜癌，导致2.2万人死亡。由于获取组织困难，组织学筛查，如用于检测宫颈癌的巴氏涂片检查，对这些疾病并不可行。因此，使用生物标志物或生物标志物组合进行血清筛查试验，将有助于癌症诊断、复发检测，并作为监测治疗反应的一种手段。在本综述中，我们重点关注人类附睾蛋白（HE）4基因，它似乎有潜力作为这两种疾病的生物标志物。文中讨论了HE4的结构和检测方法。初步数据表明，在区分卵巢良性肿块和癌性肿块方面，HE4可能比癌抗原125更具潜力，并且在迄今为止测试的所有标志物中，它与子宫内膜癌的相关性最强。利用风险分层，包括HE4在内的一组生物标志物最终可能有助于在高危患者中早期检测卵巢癌和子宫内膜癌。
