Yamada Masami, Yoshida Yuko, Mori Daisuke, Takitoh Takako, Kengaku Mineko, Umeshima Hiroki, Takao Keizo, Miyakawa Tsuyoshi, Sato Makoto, Sorimachi Hiroyuki, Wynshaw-Boris Anthony, Hirotsune Shinji
Department of Genetic Disease Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Osaka, Japan.
Nat Med. 2009 Oct;15(10):1202-7. doi: 10.1038/nm.2023. Epub 2009 Sep 6.
Lissencephaly is a devastating neurological disorder caused by defective neuronal migration. LIS1 (official symbol PAFAH1B1, for platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, isoform 1b, subunit 1) was identified as the gene mutated in individuals with lissencephaly, and it was found to regulate cytoplasmic dynein function and localization. Here we show that inhibition or knockdown of calpains protects LIS1 from proteolysis, resulting in the augmentation of LIS1 amounts in Lis1(+/-) mouse embryonic fibroblast cells and rescue of the aberrant distribution of cytoplasmic dynein, mitochondria and beta-COP-positive vesicles. We also show that calpain inhibitors improve neuronal migration of Lis1(+/-) cerebellar granular neurons. Intraperitoneal injection of the calpain inhibitor ALLN to pregnant Lis1(+/-) dams rescued apoptotic neuronal cell death and neuronal migration defects in Lis1(+/-) offspring. Furthermore, in utero knockdown of calpain by short hairpin RNA rescued defective cortical layering in Lis1(+/-) mice. Thus, calpain inhibition is a potential therapeutic intervention for lissencephaly.
无脑回畸形是一种由神经元迁移缺陷引起的严重神经系统疾病。LIS1(官方符号为PAFAH1B1,即血小板活化因子乙酰水解酶,同工型1b,亚基1)被鉴定为无脑回畸形患者中发生突变的基因,并且发现它可调节胞质动力蛋白的功能和定位。在此我们表明,抑制或敲低钙蛋白酶可保护LIS1不被蛋白水解,从而导致Lis1(+/-)小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞中LIS1量的增加,并挽救胞质动力蛋白、线粒体和β-COP阳性囊泡的异常分布。我们还表明,钙蛋白酶抑制剂可改善Lis1(+/-)小脑颗粒神经元的神经元迁移。向怀孕的Lis1(+/-)母鼠腹腔注射钙蛋白酶抑制剂ALLN可挽救Lis1(+/-)后代中凋亡性神经元细胞死亡和神经元迁移缺陷。此外,通过短发夹RNA在子宫内敲低钙蛋白酶可挽救Lis1(+/-)小鼠中缺陷的皮质分层。因此,抑制钙蛋白酶是无脑回畸形的一种潜在治疗干预措施。