Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2009 Nov 30;169(2):183-99. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2009.08.015. Epub 2009 Sep 6.
This review highlights current tissue engineering and novel therapeutic approaches to axonal regeneration following spinal cord injury. The concept of developing 3-dimensional polymer scaffolds for placement into a spinal cord transection model has recently been more extensively explored as a solution for restoring neurologic function after injury. Given the patient morbidity associated with respiratory compromise, the discrete tracts in the spinal cord conveying innervation for breathing represent an important and achievable therapeutic target. The aim is to derive new neuronal tissue from the surrounding, healthy cord that will be guided by the polymer implant through the injured area to make functional reconnections. A variety of naturally derived and synthetic biomaterial polymers have been developed for placement in the injured spinal cord. Axonal growth is supported by inherent properties of the selected polymer, the architecture of the scaffold, permissive microstructures such as pores, grooves or polymer fibres, and surface modifications to provide improved adherence and growth directionality. Structural support of axonal regeneration is combined with integrated polymeric and cellular delivery systems for therapeutic drugs and for neurotrophic molecules to regionalize growth of specific nerve populations.
这篇综述强调了当前组织工程学和新型治疗方法在脊髓损伤后的轴突再生。将 3 维聚合物支架应用于脊髓横断模型的概念最近得到了更广泛的探索，作为恢复损伤后神经功能的一种解决方案。鉴于与呼吸功能障碍相关的患者发病率，脊髓中用于呼吸支配的离散束是一个重要且可行的治疗目标。目的是从周围健康的脊髓中获得新的神经元组织，该组织将在聚合物植入物的引导下通过损伤区域进行功能性连接。已经开发了多种天然衍生和合成生物材料聚合物，用于植入损伤的脊髓。所选聚合物的固有特性、支架的结构、允许的微观结构（如孔、槽或聚合物纤维）以及表面改性为轴突生长提供了支持，以提供更好的粘附性和生长方向性。轴突再生的结构支持与聚合物和细胞输送系统相结合，用于输送治疗药物和神经营养分子，以实现特定神经群的生长区域性化。
