Ekstrand Maria, Tydén Tanja, Darj Elisabeth, Larsson Margareta
Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2009 Sep;41(3):173-80. doi: 10.1363/4117309.
Swedish law permits abortion at the request of a pregnant woman until the 18th week of gestation. However, the extent to which the decision is truly the woman's own is subject to debate; women are often influenced, directly or indirectly, by the attitudes of their partners, family and friends or by social norms.
Individual in-depth interviews about the pregnancy and the abortion decision were conducted 3-4 weeks postabortion with 25 women aged 16-20 at different periods in 2003, 2005 and 2007. Interviews were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using latent content analysis.
The main reasons for unplanned pregnancy were underestimation of pregnancy risk and inconsistent contraceptive use. Pregnancy prevention was perceived as the woman's responsibility. The abortion decision was accompanied by mixed emotions, and was seen as a natural yet difficult choice. Social norms and the negative attitudes of family and friends strongly influenced the decision. Partners and parents were regarded as the most important sources of support. After the abortion, the women felt pressured by contraceptive counselors to use highly effective contraceptives despite their previous negative experiences or worries about side effects.
Swedish teenagers' basic right to decide whether to have an abortion may be limited by societal norms and disapproval of teenage childbearing. Given the perception that women are responsible for contraception, programs need to emphasize that pregnancy prevention is a shared responsibility; greater efforts to include males in prevention practices are needed.
瑞典法律允许孕妇在妊娠18周前根据自身要求进行堕胎。然而，这一决定在多大程度上真正是女性自己做出的仍存在争议；女性往往会直接或间接地受到伴侣、家人和朋友的态度或社会规范的影响。
2003年、2005年和2007年，在不同时期对25名年龄在16至20岁之间的女性在堕胎后3至4周进行了关于怀孕和堕胎决定的个人深度访谈。访谈进行了录音，逐字转录，并采用潜在内容分析法进行分析。
意外怀孕的主要原因是对怀孕风险的低估和避孕措施使用不当。预防怀孕被视为女性的责任。堕胎决定伴随着复杂的情绪，被视为一个自然但艰难的选择。社会规范以及家人和朋友的负面态度对这一决定产生了强烈影响。伴侣和父母被视为最重要的支持来源。堕胎后，尽管这些女性之前有负面经历或担心副作用，但避孕顾问仍向她们施压，要求她们使用高效避孕药具。
瑞典青少年决定是否堕胎的基本权利可能会受到社会规范以及对青少年生育的反对态度的限制。鉴于人们认为女性对避孕负责，相关项目需要强调预防怀孕是一项共同责任；需要做出更大努力让男性参与到预防措施中来。
