School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. dr
Dent Mater. 2009 Dec;25(12):1585-92. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2009.08.002. Epub 2009 Sep 9.
To investigate the effect of variation in filler particle size and morphology within an unset model series of resin-composites on two stickiness parameters: (1) maximum probe separation-force and (2) work-of-separation. This study was to complement previously reported measurements of composite stickiness in terms of a strain-parameter, 'peak-height'.
Eleven experimental light cured resin-composites were selected. All had the same matrix (Bis-GMA, UDMA and TEGDMA, with 0.33% camphoroquinone) and the same filler volume fraction-56.7%, however filler particles varied in size and shape and were either unimodal or multimodal in size-distribution. Each material was placed in a cylindrical mould (phi=7mmx5mm depth) held at 26 or 37 degrees C. The maximum force (F(max), N) and work of probe-separation (W(s), Nmm) were measured. A flat-ended stainless-steel probe (phi=6mm) was mechanically lowered onto and into the surface of the unset sample, until a compressive force of 1N was reached, which was held constant for 1s. Then the probe was moved vertically upward at a constant speed; either 2 or 8mm/s. The tensile force produced on the probe by the sticky composite was plotted against displacement and the maximum value was identified (F(max)). W(s) was obtained as the integrated area. Data was analyzed by multivariate ANOVA and multiple pair-wise comparisons using a Tukey post hoc test to establish homogenous subsets (at p=0.05) for F(max) and a Games-Howell was used for W(s).
As potential measures of stickiness, F(max) and W(s) showed more coherent trends with fillersize when measured at the lower of the two probe speeds, 2mm/s. For unimodal resin-composite F(max) ranged from 1.04 to 5.11N and W(s) from 0.48 to 11.12Nmm. For the multimodal resin-composite they ranged from 1.64 to 4.13N and from 2.32 to 8.34Nmm respectively. Temperature increase tended to slightly reduce F(max), although this trend was not consistent. W(s) generally increased with temperature.
Filler particle size and morphology influences F(max) and W(s) of uncured resin-composite which partly express the handling behaviors of resin-composites.
研究未固化模型系列中填料粒径和形态的变化对两个粘性参数的影响：（1）最大探针分离力和（2）分离功。本研究旨在补充先前报道的关于复合材料粘性的应变参数“峰值高度”的测量结果。
选择了 11 种实验性光固化树脂复合材料。所有复合材料的基质（Bis-GMA、UDMA 和 TEGDMA，含 0.33%樟脑醌）和填料体积分数均相同-56.7%，然而，填料颗粒的大小和形状不同，并且在尺寸分布上呈单峰或多峰。每种材料都被放置在一个圆柱形模具（phi=7mmx5mm 深度）中，温度保持在 26 或 37 摄氏度。测量最大力（F(max)，N）和探针分离功（W(s)，Nmm）。一个平头不锈钢探针（phi=6mm）机械地下降到未固化样品的表面上，并进入其中，直到达到 1N 的压缩力，保持 1s 不变。然后探针以恒定速度垂直向上移动；速度分别为 2 或 8mm/s。探针上由粘性复合材料产生的拉伸力与位移成比例绘制，并确定最大值（F(max)）。W(s)是作为积分面积获得的。数据通过多元方差分析和使用 Tukey 事后检验进行多对比较进行分析，以建立 F(max)的同质子集（p=0.05），并使用 Games-Howell 对 W(s)进行分析。
作为粘性的潜在测量指标，F(max)和 W(s)在较低的探针速度（2mm/s）下测量时，与填料粒径显示出更一致的趋势。对于单峰树脂复合材料，F(max)范围为 1.04 至 5.11N，W(s)范围为 0.48 至 11.12Nmm。对于多峰树脂复合材料，它们的范围分别为 1.64 至 4.13N 和 2.32 至 8.34Nmm。温度升高往往会略微降低 F(max)，尽管这种趋势并不一致。W(s)通常随温度升高而增加。
填料粒径和形态影响未固化树脂复合材料的 F(max)和 W(s)，这部分反映了树脂复合材料的操作行为。
