Vlachokostas Ch, Achillas Ch, Moussiopoulos Nu, Hourdakis E, Tsilingiridis G, Ntziachristos L, Banias G, Stavrakakis N, Sidiropoulos C
Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Environmental Engineering, Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Sci Total Environ. 2009 Nov 15;407(23):5937-48. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.07.040. Epub 2009 Sep 10.
Development of strategies to control urban air pollution is a complex and multi-disciplinary process involving a wide range of scientists with different expertise and interests. This paper presents an integrated assessment methodological scheme for the evaluation of air pollution control measures that are put forward in order to reduce sufficiently air pollution levels in urban areas. Forming long-term, efficient air pollution control strategies requires knowledge of the costs associated with their implementation, the emission inventories and emission reductions to be achieved, as well as the concentration variations that represent air quality levels in the area examined. In contrast to the majority of the currently employed assessment approaches, the presented scheme enables the evaluation of any proposed air pollution control option in terms of its combined impact on air quality and social welfare, by correlating economic and health impact assessment issues. The approach presented in this paper brings together air quality modelling and mathematical programming techniques and provides a decision support system for the determination of optimal bundles of air pollution control options according to the particular features and needs of the areas examined. Both cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit approaches are taken into account in order to put the problem on the basis of economic efficiency from a societal perspective. The methodology is implemented for the case of Thessaloniki, Greece, which is selected on the grounds that the area is considered as one of the most polluted--if not the most polluted--cities within Europe, especially with respect to airborne particles.
制定控制城市空气污染的策略是一个复杂且多学科的过程，涉及众多具有不同专业知识和兴趣的科学家。本文提出了一种综合评估方法框架，用于评估为充分降低城市地区空气污染水平而提出的空气污染控制措施。制定长期、有效的空气污染控制策略需要了解与实施这些策略相关的成本、要实现的排放清单和减排量，以及代表所研究区域空气质量水平的浓度变化。与目前大多数采用的评估方法不同，本文提出的框架能够通过关联经济和健康影响评估问题，从空气质量和社会福利的综合影响角度评估任何提议的空气污染控制方案。本文提出的方法将空气质量建模和数学规划技术结合在一起，并根据所研究区域的特定特征和需求，为确定最佳空气污染控制方案组合提供决策支持系统。为了从社会角度将问题置于经济效率的基础上，兼顾了成本效益和成本效益分析方法。该方法应用于希腊塞萨洛尼基市的案例，选择该地区是因为它被认为是欧洲污染最严重的城市之一（如果不是污染最严重的话），尤其是在空气颗粒物方面。
