Periasamy Saravanan, Kolenbrander Paul E
Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4350, USA.
J Bacteriol. 2009 Nov;191(22):6804-11. doi: 10.1128/JB.01006-09. Epub 2009 Sep 11.
Porphyromonas gingivalis is present in dental plaque as early as 4 h after tooth cleaning, but it is also associated with periodontal disease, a late-developing event in the microbial successions that characterize daily plaque development. We report here that P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 is remarkable in its ability to interact with a variety of initial, early, middle, and late colonizers growing solely on saliva. Integration of P. gingivalis into multispecies communities was investigated by using two in vitro biofilm models. In flow cells, bacterial growth was quantified using fluorescently conjugated antibodies against each species, and static biofilm growth on saliva-submerged polystyrene pegs was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR using species-specific primers. P. gingivalis could not grow as a single species or together with initial colonizer Streptococcus oralis but showed mutualistic growth when paired with two other initial colonizers, Streptococcus gordonii and Actinomyces oris, as well as with Veillonella sp. (early colonizer), Fusobacterium nucleatum (middle colonizer), and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (late colonizer). In three-species flow cells, P. gingivalis grew with Veillonella sp. and A. actinomycetemcomitans but not with S. oralis and A. actinomycetemcomitans. Also, it grew with Veillonella sp. and F. nucleatum but not with S. oralis and F. nucleatum, indicating that P. gingivalis and S. oralis are not compatible. However, P. gingivalis grew in combination with S. gordonii and S. oralis, demonstrating its ability to overcome the incompatibility when cultured with a second initially colonizing species. Collectively, these data help explain the observed presence of P. gingivalis at all stages of dental plaque development.
牙龈卟啉单胞菌在洗牙后4小时就存在于牙菌斑中，但它也与牙周疾病有关，牙周疾病是微生物演替过程中较晚出现的事件，而这种演替是日常牙菌斑形成的特征。我们在此报告，牙龈卟啉单胞菌ATCC 33277在与仅在唾液中生长的各种早期、中期和晚期定植菌相互作用的能力方面表现突出。通过使用两种体外生物膜模型研究了牙龈卟啉单胞菌融入多物种群落的情况。在流动小室中，使用针对每种细菌的荧光偶联抗体对细菌生长进行定量，并且通过使用物种特异性引物的定量实时PCR分析唾液浸没的聚苯乙烯柱上的静态生物膜生长。牙龈卟啉单胞菌不能作为单一物种生长，也不能与早期定植菌口腔链球菌一起生长，但与另外两种早期定植菌戈登链球菌和口腔放线菌以及与韦荣球菌属（早期定植菌）、具核梭杆菌（中期定植菌）和伴放线聚集杆菌（晚期定植菌）配对时显示出共生生长。在三物种流动小室中，牙龈卟啉单胞菌与韦荣球菌属和伴放线聚集杆菌一起生长，但不与口腔链球菌和伴放线聚集杆菌一起生长。此外，它与韦荣球菌属和具核梭杆菌一起生长，但不与口腔链球菌和具核梭杆菌一起生长，这表明牙龈卟啉单胞菌和口腔链球菌不相容。然而，牙龈卟啉单胞菌与戈登链球菌和口腔链球菌一起生长，证明其在与第二种早期定植物种一起培养时能够克服不相容性。总体而言，这些数据有助于解释在牙菌斑形成的各个阶段观察到的牙龈卟啉单胞菌的存在情况。
