Department of Forensic Mental Health Science, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
Biol Psychiatry. 2010 Feb 1;67(3):238-45. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.07.030. Epub 2009 Sep 18.
Intervention aimed at preventing schizophrenia may be most effective if targeted at specific, but modifiable, functional impairments that present during childhood. We have developed a novel method of screening community samples aged 9 to 12 years to identify children who present a triad of putative antecedents of schizophrenia (ASz), defined as 1) speech and/or motor development lags/problems; 2) internalizing, externalizing, and/or peer-relationship problems in the clinical range; and 3) psychotic-like experiences. This study examined whether ASz children display brain function abnormalities during error processing that are similar to those exhibited by adults with schizophrenia.
Twenty-two ASz children and 26 typically developing (TD) children with no antecedents of schizophrenia completed an error-inducing Go/NoGo task during event-related potential recording. Group differences were examined in the amplitude and latency of four event-related potential components: the initial error-related negativity (ERN) and later error-positivity (Pe) elicited on false-alarm responses to NoGo trials, and the corresponding initial correct response negativity (CRN) and later correct response positivity (Pc) elicited during processing of correct responses to Go trials.
Relative to TD children, ASz children were characterized by reduced ERN amplitude but unaffected CRN, Pe, and Pc amplitudes. No group differences were observed in the latency of any component.
Children presenting a triad of putative antecedents of schizophrenia show error-processing dysfunction mimicking that observed in adults with schizophrenia using the same Go/NoGo paradigm. The ASz children displayed specific early error-processing deficits rather than a generalized deficit in self-monitoring.
如果针对儿童时期出现的特定但可改变的功能障碍进行干预，预防精神分裂症可能会最有效。我们开发了一种新的方法，对 9 至 12 岁的社区样本进行筛选，以识别出具有精神分裂症（ASz）三种潜在前兆的儿童，其定义为 1）言语和/或运动发育迟缓/问题；2）处于临床范围内的内化、外化和/或同伴关系问题；3）类精神病体验。本研究考察了 ASz 儿童在错误处理过程中是否表现出与精神分裂症成人相似的大脑功能异常。
22 名 ASz 儿童和 26 名没有精神分裂症前兆的典型发育（TD）儿童在事件相关电位记录期间完成了诱发错误的 Go/NoGo 任务。在振幅和潜伏期上，比较了四个事件相关电位成分的组间差异：在对 NoGo 试验的假警报反应中产生的初始错误相关负性（ERN）和随后的错误正性（Pe），以及在对 Go 试验的正确反应中产生的相应初始正确反应负性（CRN）和随后的正确反应正性（Pc）。
与 TD 儿童相比，ASz 儿童的 ERN 振幅降低，但 CRN、Pe 和 Pc 振幅不受影响。在任何成分的潜伏期上均未观察到组间差异。
使用相同的 Go/NoGo 范式，表现出 ASz 三种潜在前兆的儿童表现出与精神分裂症成人相似的错误处理功能障碍。ASz 儿童表现出特定的早期错误处理缺陷，而不是自我监测的普遍缺陷。
