Laboratory of Neurocognitive Development, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Brain Cogn. 2010 Feb;72(1):101-13. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2009.08.005. Epub 2009 Sep 17.
Cognitive control, the ability to voluntarily guide our behavior, continues to improve throughout adolescence. Below we review the literature on age-related changes in brain function related to response inhibition and working memory, which support cognitive control. Findings from studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) indicate that processing errors, sustaining a cognitive control state, and reaching adult levels of precision, persist through adolescence. Developmental changes in patterns of brain function suggest that core regions of the circuitry underlying cognitive control are on-line early in development. However, age-related changes in localized processes across the brain, and in establishing long range connections that support top-down modulation of behavior, more effective neural processing for optimal mature executive function. While great progress has been made in understanding the age-related changes in brain processes underlying cognitive development, there are still important challenges in developmental neuroimaging methods and the interpretation of data that need to be addressed.
认知控制，即主动引导行为的能力，在青少年时期持续提高。下面我们回顾一下与反应抑制和工作记忆相关的与认知控制有关的大脑功能的年龄相关变化的文献。这些研究使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）发现，处理错误、维持认知控制状态以及达到成人的精确水平，在整个青春期都在持续。大脑功能模式的发展变化表明，认知控制基础回路的核心区域在早期发育时就已经在线。然而，大脑中局部过程以及支持自上而下的行为调节的长程连接的年龄相关变化，对于最优的成熟执行功能的有效神经处理至关重要。虽然在理解认知发展的大脑过程的年龄相关变化方面已经取得了很大的进展，但在发展神经影像学方法和数据解释方面仍然存在着重要的挑战。
