Barbosa Bruno Teixeira, de Lima-Junior Dalton, Moreira Alexandre, Nakamura Fábio Yuzo, Batista Gilmário Ricarte, Faro Heloiana, Fortes Leonardo de Sousa
Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurociência e Desempenho Esportivo, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
Graduate Associate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
Front Psychol. 2025 May 9;16:1537482. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1537482. eCollection 2025.
Perceptual-cognitive skills are essential in sports such as beach volleyball. Mental fatigue (MF) and sleep restriction (SR) are known to impair athletes' perceptual-cognitive performance. This study aimed to analyze the effects of MF and SR on perceptual-cognitive performance in beach volleyball athletes.
Fourteen volunteers participated (12 men; 17.9 ± 1.2 years; 182.0 ± 7.7 cm; 72.3 ± 8.4 kg) and were randomly submitted to four experimental conditions: (a) Control (CT), (b) MF, (c) SR, and (d) SR + MF. The MF cognitive load and SR duration were individualized in MF and SR experimental conditions. Perceptual-cognitive performance was assessed through two visuomotor tests utilizing LED light technology to simulate defensive and blocking actions within a real beach volleyball context. Visuomotor tests assessed reaction time (RT) measures. The Generalized Linear Models were applied to verify the main effects of the conditions for the perceptual-cognitive responses.
The results showed a significant condition effect for both the defense [ = 212.2; < 0.001] and block tests [ = 104.0; < 0.001]. In the defense test, participants in the CT condition had significantly faster RTs (1727.0 ± 113.0 ms; < 0.001) compared to all other conditions (MF: 1806.0 ± 126.0 ms; SR: 1874.0 ± 145.0 ms; and SR + MF: 1906.0 ± 133.0 ms). Additionally, the SR and SR + MF conditions showed slower RTs than MF ( = 0.004 and < 0.001, respectively), with no significant difference between SR and SR + MF ( = 0.41). In the block test, the CT condition also resulted in faster RTs (631.0 ± 82.2 ms; < 0.001) compared to MF (711.0 ± 77.5 ms), SR (691.0 ± 82.3 ms), and SR + MF (722.0 ± 100.0 ms). SR had better RTs than MF ( = 0.04) and SR + MF ( = 0.01), with no differences between MF and SR + MF ( = 0.61).
Therefore, we conclude that both the isolated and combined effects of MF and SR negatively impact RT in the defense and block visuomotor tests. This suggests that MF and SR conditions may impair athletes' ability to respond quickly to visual stimuli in different scenarios.
感知认知技能在沙滩排球等运动中至关重要。已知精神疲劳（MF）和睡眠限制（SR）会损害运动员的感知认知表现。本研究旨在分析MF和SR对沙滩排球运动员感知认知表现的影响。
14名志愿者参与研究（12名男性；年龄17.9±1.2岁；身高182.0±7.7厘米；体重72.3±8.4千克），并被随机分配到四种实验条件下：（a）对照组（CT），（b）精神疲劳组（MF），（c）睡眠限制组（SR），以及（d）睡眠限制+精神疲劳组（SR+MF）。在MF和SR实验条件下，MF的认知负荷和SR的持续时间是个性化的。通过两项视觉运动测试评估感知认知表现，该测试利用LED光技术在真实的沙滩排球场景中模拟防守和拦网动作。视觉运动测试评估反应时间（RT）指标。应用广义线性模型来验证这些条件对感知认知反应的主要影响。
结果显示，在防守测试[F = 212.2；p < 0.001]和拦网测试[F = 104.0；p < 0.001]中，条件效应均显著。在防守测试中，与所有其他条件相比，CT组参与者的RT显著更快（1727.0±113.0毫秒；p < 0.001）（MF组：1806.0±126.0毫秒；SR组：1874.0±145.0毫秒；SR+MF组：1906.0±133.0毫秒）。此外，SR组和SR+MF组的RT比MF组慢（分别为p = 0.004和p < 0.001），SR组和SR+MF组之间无显著差异（p = 0.41）。在拦网测试中，与MF组（711.0±77.5毫秒）、SR组（691.0±82.3毫秒）和SR+MF组（722.0±100.0毫秒）相比，CT组的RT也更快（631.0±82.2毫秒；p < 0.001）。SR组的RT比MF组（p = 0.0）和SR+MF组（p = 0.01）更好，MF组和SR+MF组之间无差异（p = 0.61）。
因此，我们得出结论，MF和SR的单独及联合效应均对防守和拦网视觉运动测试中的RT产生负面影响。这表明MF和SR条件可能会损害运动员在不同场景中对视觉刺激快速做出反应的能力。
