Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, SKUAST, Srinagar, Kashmir, 190006, India.
School of Life and Basic Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India.
Stem Cell Res Ther. 2024 Oct 9;15(1):355. doi: 10.1186/s13287-024-03970-3.
Burn injuries are serious injuries that have a big impact on a person's health and can even cause death. Incurring severe burns can incite an immune response and inflammation within the body, alongside metabolic changes. It is of utmost importance to grasp the fact that the effects of the burn injury extend beyond the body, affecting the mind and overall well-being. Burn injuries cause long-lasting changes that need to be taken care of in order to improve their quality of life. The intricate process of skin regeneration at the site of a burn wound involves a complex and dynamic interplay among diverse cells, growth factors, nerves, and blood vessels. Exciting opportunities have arisen in the field of stem cells and regenerative medicine, allowing us to explore the development of cell-free-based alternatives that can aid in the treatment of burn injuries. These cell-free-based therapies have emerged as a promising facet within regenerative medicine. Exosomes, also referred to as naturally occurring nanoparticles, are small endosome-derived vesicles that facilitate the delivery of molecular cargo between the cells, thus allowing intercellular communication. The knowledge gained in this field has continued to support their therapeutic potential, particularly in the domains of wound healing and tissue regeneration. Notably, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be safely administered in the system, which is then adeptly uptaken and internalized by fibroblasts/epithelial cells, subsequently accelerating essential processes such as migration, proliferation, and collagen synthesis. Furthermore, exosomes released by immune cells, specifically macrophages, possess the capability to modulate inflammation and effectively diminish it in adjacent cells. Exosomes also act as carriers when integrated with a scaffold, leading to scarless healing of cutaneous wounds. This comprehensive review examines the role of exosomes in burn wound healing and their potential utility in regeneration and repair.
烧伤是一种严重的伤害，对人的健康有很大的影响，甚至可能导致死亡。严重烧伤会引起身体的免疫反应和炎症，以及代谢变化。重要的是要认识到烧伤的影响不仅限于身体，还会影响到思维和整体健康。烧伤会造成持久的变化，需要加以照顾，以提高他们的生活质量。烧伤伤口处皮肤再生的复杂过程涉及到不同细胞、生长因子、神经和血管之间复杂而动态的相互作用。干细胞和再生医学领域出现了令人兴奋的机会，使我们能够探索开发无细胞的替代物，以帮助治疗烧伤。这些无细胞疗法已成为再生医学中一个有前途的方面。外泌体，也称为天然存在的纳米颗粒，是小的内体衍生小泡，可促进细胞间分子货物的传递，从而实现细胞间通讯。该领域的知识不断支持其治疗潜力，特别是在伤口愈合和组织再生领域。值得注意的是，间充质干细胞（MSCs）来源的外泌体可以安全地在体内给药，随后被成纤维细胞/上皮细胞高效摄取和内化，从而加速迁移、增殖和胶原合成等重要过程。此外，免疫细胞（特别是巨噬细胞）释放的外泌体具有调节炎症的能力，并能有效减轻相邻细胞的炎症。外泌体与支架结合后也可以作为载体，导致皮肤伤口无瘢痕愈合。这篇综合综述探讨了外泌体在烧伤伤口愈合中的作用及其在再生和修复中的潜在应用。
