Dunlap and Associates, Inc., Stamford, CT 06906-2300, USA.
J Safety Res. 2009;40(4):285-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2009.07.002. Epub 2009 Aug 4.
The role of alcohol as a major factor in traffic crash causation has been firmly established. However, controversy remains as to the precise shape of the relative risk function and the BAC at which crash risk begins to increase.
This study used a case-control design in two locations: Long Beach, California, and Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Data were collected on 2,871 crashes of all severities and a matched control group of drivers selected from the same time, location, and direction of travel as the crash drivers. Of the 14,985 sample drivers, 81.3% of the crash drivers and 97.9% of the controls provided a valid BAC specimen.
When adjusted for covariates and nonparticipation bias, increases in relative risk were observed at BACs of .04-.05, and the elevations in risk became very pronounced when BACs exceeded .10.
The results provide strong support for .08 per se laws and for state policies that increase sanctions for BACs in excess of .15.
This study provides further precision on the deleterious effects of alcohol on driving and, by implication, on other complex tasks.
酒精作为交通事故致因的主要因素之一，其作用已经得到了确凿的证实。然而，关于相对风险函数的确切形状以及开始增加碰撞风险的血液酒精浓度（BAC），仍存在争议。
本研究在加利福尼亚州长滩和佛罗里达州劳德代尔堡两个地点采用病例对照设计。对所有严重程度的 2871 起事故以及与事故驾驶员在同一时间、地点和行驶方向选择的相同驾驶员的匹配对照组进行了数据收集。在 14985 名样本驾驶员中，81.3%的事故驾驶员和 97.9%的对照组驾驶员提供了有效的 BAC 样本。
在调整协变量和非参与偏差后，在 BAC 为.04-.05 时观察到相对风险增加，当 BAC 超过.10 时，风险的升高变得非常明显。
研究结果为 0.08 本身的法律以及对 BAC 超过.15 的州政策提供了有力支持，这些政策增加了对违规者的处罚。
本研究进一步精确地说明了酒精对驾驶以及其他复杂任务的有害影响。
