University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, 2901 Baxter Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2150, USA.
Med Eng Phys. 2010 Apr;32(3):263-71. doi: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2009.08.012. Epub 2009 Sep 25.
ANSI/RESNA WC19 (i.e., WC19) is a voluntary standard that specifies design and performance requirements for wheelchairs that are suitable for use as seats in motor vehicles. The guiding principles for the standard originate from automotive crash-protection principles that are effective in reducing occupant injuries and fatalities. In addition to frontal-impact testing of wheelchairs, the standard includes tests for securement-point accessibility, tiedown-strap clear paths, lateral stability, and accommodation of vehicle-anchored belt restraints. Results from testing wheelchairs to WC19 reveal that the most common wheelchair problems include: a lack of structural integrity during frontal-impact loading; sharp rigid edges; and wheelchair structures that interfere with achieving proper positioning of vehicle-anchored belt restraints. Data from 8 years of experience with WC19 indicate where changes are needed to further improve transportation safety for wheelchair-seated travelers. These include expanding WC19 to include wheelchairs for smaller children who require a five-point harness restraint, and requiring wheelchairs to achieve a minimal rating for the ease of achieving proper positioning of vehicle-anchored belt restraints.
ANSI/RESNA WC19（即 WC19）是一项自愿性标准，规定了适合作为机动车座椅使用的轮椅的设计和性能要求。该标准的指导原则源自汽车碰撞保护原则，这些原则可有效减少乘客受伤和死亡的风险。除了对轮椅进行正面冲击测试外，该标准还包括对固定点可达性、系绳带畅通路径、横向稳定性以及对车辆锚固安全带的适应性进行测试。对符合 WC19 标准的轮椅进行测试的结果表明，最常见的轮椅问题包括：在正面冲击加载时缺乏结构完整性；尖锐的刚性边缘；以及轮椅结构干扰了正确定位车辆锚固安全带的能力。根据 8 年来对 WC19 的经验数据，需要进行哪些更改以进一步提高轮椅乘客的运输安全性。这些更改包括将 WC19 扩展到包括需要五点式安全带约束的较小儿童使用的轮椅，以及要求轮椅达到最低的易于正确定位车辆锚固安全带的评级。
