Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA.
Appetite. 2010 Feb;54(1):77-83. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2009.09.009. Epub 2009 Sep 25.
The startle response has been shown to be useful in studying reactivity to food cues. Following 6h of food deprivation and exposure to neutral and food cues, we examined the role of state craving combined with both a short and long delay of consumption on affect and startle reflex. Participants completed the PANAS, consumed a controlled early morning meal, and experienced 6h of food deprivation. They then reported back to the laboratory, completed a second baseline PANAS, and had their baseline eyeblink EMG startle responses to 100 dB(A) startle probe assessed. Prior to and following the presentation of cues, startle probes were presented and responses were recorded. The PANAS and state craving were also assessed after each cue. Food cues provoked higher levels of state craving than neutral cues and startle responses failed to habituate as quickly to food cues as they did to neutral cues. In addition, cue exposure created the highest NA among high state cravers in the long delay of consumption group. Startle responses differed from NA in that with long delay startle was high irrespective of state craving scores; in the short delay of consumption condition, startle increased linearly with state craving. These results illustrate that state craving and expectations of food availability are important variables in understanding food-related cue reactivity.
惊跳反应已被证明在研究食物线索反应性方面很有用。在经历 6 小时的禁食和中性及食物线索暴露后，我们研究了状态渴望与短时间和长时间延迟消费相结合对情绪和惊跳反射的影响。参与者完成 PANAS，摄入控制的早餐，并经历 6 小时的禁食。然后他们回到实验室，完成第二次基线 PANAS，并评估了他们的基线眼跳 EMG 惊跳反应对 100dB(A)惊跳探针的反应。在呈现线索之前和之后，会呈现惊跳探针并记录反应。在每次线索呈现后，还评估了 PANAS 和状态渴望。与中性线索相比，食物线索引发了更高水平的状态渴望，并且惊跳反应没有像对中性线索那样快速习惯食物线索。此外，在长时间延迟消费组中，高状态渴望者在线索暴露后出现了最高的 NA。惊跳反应与 NA 不同，在长时间延迟的情况下，无论状态渴望得分如何，惊跳反应都很高；在短时间延迟的消费条件下，惊跳反应与状态渴望呈线性增加。这些结果表明，状态渴望和对食物可获得性的期望是理解与食物相关的线索反应性的重要变量。
