Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23c, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
Ann Anat. 2009 Dec;191(6):518-31. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2009.08.006. Epub 2009 Sep 6.
Most excitatory input in the hippocampus impinges on dendritic spines. Therefore, the dendritic spines are likely to be of major importance for neural processing. The morphology of dendritic spines is very diverse and changes in spine size as well as in their density are thought to reflect changes in the strength of synaptic transmission. Thus, alterations in dendritic spine densities or shape are suspected to be morphological manifestations of psychopathological, pathophysiological, physiological and/or behavioural changes. However, in spite of a long history of research, the specific function of dendritic spines within the hippocampal formation is still not well understood. This review will shed light on the hippocampal dendritic spines, their ultrastructure and morphology, as well as their supposed roles in neuronal plasticity and in certain mental illnesses.
在海马体中，大多数兴奋性输入都作用于树突棘。因此，树突棘对于神经处理可能具有重要意义。树突棘的形态非常多样化，其大小和密度的变化被认为反映了突触传递强度的变化。因此，树突棘密度或形状的改变被怀疑是精神病理学、生理学和/或行为变化的形态表现。然而，尽管研究历史悠久，但海马结构中树突棘的具体功能仍未得到很好的理解。这篇综述将探讨海马树突棘的超微结构和形态，以及它们在神经元可塑性和某些精神疾病中的作用。
