Human Factors Department, Institute of Naval Medicine, Alverstoke PO12 2DL, UK.
Occup Med (Lond). 2009 Oct;59(7):454-8. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqp104.
Previous surveys have shown that there is a greater prevalence of psychological strain in Naval personnel than in the general population and have described the main psychosocial stressors associated with strain.
To determine the prevalence of acute strain and of repeated episodes of strain over 6- and 12-month periods.
Six and twelve months after completing a Phase I Work and Well-Being questionnaire, 2596 personnel were reassessed using a follow-up General Health Questionnaire-12.
The response rates at 6 and 12 months ranged from 51 to 60%. There was no evidence of response bias at follow-up. The prevalence of acute strain was 31% at Phase I. After 6 months, approximately half of strain cases had recovered. Only 10% had strain over the entire period. Change in strain was linked to change in work role.
Accumulation of strain and recovery occur within 6 months depending on change in work role. Management of strain might best be achieved by management of work demands and deployment length. Further studies will investigate the rate of accumulation of strain over the course of demanding deployments. Exposure to psychosocial stressors such as effort reward imbalance accounted for much of the difference between chronic strain sufferers and those with no strain.
先前的调查显示，海军人员的心理压力比普通人群更大，并描述了与压力相关的主要社会心理压力源。
确定急性压力和 6 个月和 12 个月期间反复出现的压力的发生率。
在完成第一阶段工作和健康问卷后 6 个月和 12 个月，使用随访一般健康问卷-12 对 2596 名人员进行了重新评估。
6 个月和 12 个月的响应率范围为 51%至 60%。在随访中没有证据表明存在响应偏差。第一阶段急性压力的患病率为 31%。6 个月后，大约一半的压力病例已经恢复。只有 10%的人在整个期间有压力。压力的变化与工作角色的变化有关。
根据工作角色的变化，压力在 6 个月内积累和恢复。通过管理工作需求和部署长度，可以最好地管理压力。进一步的研究将调查在紧张的部署过程中压力积累的速度。努力-回报失衡等社会心理压力源的暴露解释了慢性压力患者和无压力患者之间的大部分差异。
