Bridger R S, Brasher K, Dew A, Kilminster S
Institute of Naval Medicine, Crescent Road, Alverstoke PO12 2DL, UK.
Occup Med (Lond). 2008 Dec;58(8):534-9. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqn136. Epub 2008 Oct 28.
Previous surveys of psychological strain in the Naval Service (NS) have shown higher than expected levels of strain when compared to the general population.
To repeat the survey last carried out in 2004 and to obtain further information on the nature of the occupational stressors associated with strain.
General Health Questionnaire-12 strain rates and job/life stressors were measured using a Work and Well-Being Questionnaire. Models of strain were developed for male and female personnel in the Royal Navy (RN) and males in the Royal Marines (RM).
The response rate was 57%. The psychological strain rate was 31.5% overall. Personnel suffering from strain tended to be 'overcommitted' to work, had low levels of commitment to the NS and had suffered stressful life events (SLEs) in the previous 12 months. Strain rates declined with age and rank in males, but not in females. Strain was significantly positively correlated with levels of overcommitment, effort-reward imbalance (ERI), role conflict, work-family conflict, organizational commitment and exposure to SLEs. Models of strain in the males and females in the RN and in the RM accounted for between 37 and 44% of the variance in strain.
The survey provides evidence for both the demand control and ERI models-components of these models contribute independently to strain. High levels of commitment to the organization were associated with lower strain and exposure to SLEs to higher strain.
先前对海军部队心理压力的调查显示，与普通人群相比，该部队的压力水平高于预期。
重复上次于2004年进行的调查，并获取有关与压力相关的职业压力源性质的更多信息。
使用工作与幸福感问卷测量一般健康问卷-12的压力率以及工作/生活压力源。为皇家海军（RN）的男性和女性人员以及皇家海军陆战队（RM）的男性人员建立了压力模型。
回复率为57%。总体心理压力率为31.5%。有压力的人员往往对工作“过度投入”，对海军部队的归属感较低，并且在过去12个月中经历过压力性生活事件（SLE）。男性的压力率随年龄和军衔下降，但女性并非如此。压力与过度投入、努力-回报失衡（ERI）、角色冲突、工作-家庭冲突、组织承诺以及接触SLE的程度显著正相关。皇家海军和皇家海军陆战队中男性和女性的压力模型解释了压力差异的37%至44%。
该调查为需求控制模型和ERI模型都提供了证据——这些模型的组成部分独立地导致压力。对组织的高度承诺与较低的压力相关，而接触SLE则与较高的压力相关。
