Sowmiah Subbiah, Srinivasadesikan Venkatesan, Tseng Ming-Chung, Chu Yen-Ho
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Chia-Yi, 621 Taiwan.
Molecules. 2009 Sep 25;14(9):3780-813. doi: 10.3390/molecules14093780.
Ionic liquids are novel solvents of interest as greener alternatives to conventional organic solvents aimed at facilitating sustainable chemistry. As a consequence of their unusual physical properties, reusability, and eco-friendly nature, ionic liquids have attracted the attention of organic chemists. Numerous reports have revealed that many catalysts and reagents were supported in the ionic liquid phase, resulting in enhanced reactivity and selectivity in various important reaction transformations. However, synthetic chemists cannot ignore the stability data and intermolecular interactions, or even reactions that are directly applicable to organic reactions in ionic liquids. It is becoming evident from the increasing number of reports on use of ionic liquids as solvents, catalysts, and reagents in organic synthesis that they are not totally inert under many reaction conditions. While in some cases, their unexpected reactivity has proven fortuitously advantageous in others is has been a problem, it is imperative that when selecting an ionic liquid for a particular synthetic application, attention be paid to its compatibility with the reaction conditions. Even though, more than 200 room temperature ionic liquids are known, only a few reports have commented their effects on reaction mechanisms or rate/stability. Therefore, rather than attempting to give a comprehensive overview of ionic liquid chemistry, this review focuses on the non-innocent nature of ionic liquids, with a decided emphasis to clearly illuminate the ability of ionic liquids to affect the mechanistic aspects of some organic reactions thereby affecting and promoting the yield and selectivity.
离子液体作为传统有机溶剂的绿色替代品，是新型的溶剂，旨在促进可持续化学发展。由于其独特的物理性质、可重复使用性和环保特性，离子液体已引起有机化学家的关注。大量报告表明，许多催化剂和试剂被负载于离子液相中，从而在各种重要的反应转化中提高了反应活性和选择性。然而，合成化学家不能忽视稳定性数据、分子间相互作用，甚至是直接适用于离子液体中有机反应的反应。从越来越多关于在有机合成中使用离子液体作为溶剂、催化剂和试剂的报告中可以明显看出，它们在许多反应条件下并非完全惰性。虽然在某些情况下，它们意外的反应活性已被证明是偶然有利的，但在其他情况下却是个问题，因此在为特定合成应用选择离子液体时，必须注意其与反应条件的兼容性。尽管已知有200多种室温离子液体，但只有少数报告评论了它们对反应机理或速率/稳定性的影响。因此，本综述并非试图全面概述离子液体化学，而是侧重于离子液体的非惰性本质，特别强调清晰阐明离子液体影响某些有机反应机理方面从而影响和提高产率及选择性的能力。
