Ogoma Sheila B, Kannady Khadija, Sikulu Maggy, Chaki Prosper P, Govella Nicodem J, Mukabana Wolfgang R, Killeen Gerry F
University of Nairobi, School of Biological Sciences, PO Box 30197-00100 GPO Nairobi, Kenya.
Malar J. 2009 Sep 29;8:221. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-8-221.
Malaria transmission in Africa occurs predominantly inside houses where the primary vectors prefer to feed. Human preference and investment in blocking of specific entry points for mosquitoes into houses was evaluated and compared with known entry point preferences of the mosquitoes themselves.
Cross-sectional household surveys were conducted in urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania to estimate usage levels of available options for house proofing against mosquito entry, namely window screens, ceilings and blocking of eaves. These surveys also enabled evaluation of household expenditure on screens and ceilings and the motivation behind their installation.
Over three quarters (82.8%) of the 579 houses surveyed in Dar es Salaam had window screens, while almost half (48.9%) had ceilings. Prevention of mosquito entry was cited as a reason for installation of window screens and ceilings by 91.4% (394/431) and 55.7% (127/228) of respondents, respectively, but prevention of malaria was rarely cited (4.3%, 22/508). The median cost of window screens was between US $ 21-30 while that of ceilings was between US $301-400. The market value of insecticide-treated nets, window screening and ceilings currently in use in the city was estimated as 2, 5 and 42 million US$. More than three quarters of the respondents that lacked them said it was too expensive to install ceilings (82.2%) or window screens (75.5%).
High coverage and spending on screens and ceilings implies that these techniques are highly acceptable and excellent uptake can be achieved in urban settings like Dar es Salaam. Effective models for promotion and subsidization should be developed and evaluated, particularly for installation of ceilings that prevent entry via the eaves, which are the most important entry point for mosquitoes that cause malaria, a variety of neglected tropical diseases and the nuisance which motivates uptake.
非洲的疟疾传播主要发生在房屋内，主要病媒更喜欢在屋内吸血。评估了人类对于封堵蚊子进入房屋的特定入口点的偏好及投入，并与蚊子自身已知的入口点偏好进行了比较。
在坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆市开展了横断面家庭调查，以估计用于房屋防蚊的可用选项（即纱窗、天花板和封堵屋檐）的使用水平。这些调查还能评估家庭在纱窗和天花板上的支出以及安装它们的动机。
在达累斯萨拉姆市调查的579户家庭中，超过四分之三（82.8%）安装了纱窗，近一半（48.9%）安装了天花板。分别有91.4%（394/431）和55.7%（127/228）的受访者表示，安装纱窗和天花板的原因是防止蚊子进入，但很少有人提及预防疟疾（4.3%，22/508）。纱窗的中位数成本在21美元至30美元之间，而天花板的中位数成本在301美元至400美元之间。据估计，该市目前使用的经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐、纱窗和天花板的市场价值分别为200万美元、500万美元和4200万美元。超过四分之三没有安装纱窗或天花板的受访者表示，安装天花板（82.2%）或纱窗（75.5%）太贵。
纱窗和天花板的高覆盖率及高支出表明，这些技术非常容易被接受，在达累斯萨拉姆这样的城市环境中可以很好地推广应用。应开发并评估有效的推广和补贴模式，特别是针对安装天花板以防止蚊子通过屋檐进入房屋的情况，屋檐是传播疟疾、多种被忽视的热带疾病以及促使人们安装防蚊设施的滋扰源的最重要入口点。
