Staugaitis Susan M, Trapp Bruce D
Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Neuron Glia Biol. 2009 Nov;5(3-4):35-44. doi: 10.1017/S1740925X09990342. Epub 2009 Sep 29.
Cells that express the NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (NG2 glia) are widespread in the adult human cerebral cortex and white matter and represent 10-15% of non-neuronal cells. The morphology and distribution of NG2 glia are similar to, but distinct from, both microglia and astrocytes. They are present as early as 17 weeks gestation and persist throughout life. NG2 glia can be detected in a variety of human central nervous system (CNS) diseases, of which multiple sclerosis is the best studied. NG2 glia show morphological changes in the presence of pathology and can show expression of the Ki-67 proliferation antigen. The antigenic profile and morphology of NG2 glia in human tissues are consistent with an oligodendrocyte progenitor function that has been well established in rodent models. Most antibodies to NG2 do not stain formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Advances in our understanding of NG2 glia in human tissues will require the development of more robust markers for their detection in routinely processed human specimens.
表达硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖NG2和血小板衍生生长因子受体α的细胞（NG2神经胶质细胞）广泛分布于成人大脑皮质和白质中，占非神经元细胞的10% - 15%。NG2神经胶质细胞的形态和分布与小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞相似但又不同。它们早在妊娠17周时就已出现，并终生存在。在多种人类中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病中都能检测到NG2神经胶质细胞，其中对多发性硬化症的研究最为深入。在病理状态下，NG2神经胶质细胞会出现形态变化，并可表达Ki - 67增殖抗原。人类组织中NG2神经胶质细胞的抗原特征和形态与在啮齿动物模型中已得到充分证实的少突胶质细胞祖细胞功能一致。大多数针对NG2的抗体不能对福尔马林固定石蜡包埋组织进行染色。要深入了解人类组织中的NG2神经胶质细胞，需要开发更有效的标记物，以便在常规处理的人类标本中对其进行检测。
