基质小泡在生物矿化中的作用。
Role of matrix vesicles in biomineralization.
作者信息
Golub Ellis E
机构信息
Biochemistry Department, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
出版信息
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009 Dec;1790(12):1592-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.09.006. Epub 2009 Sep 26.
BACKGROUND
Matrix vesicles have been implicated in the mineralization of calcified cartilage, bone and dentin for more than 40 years. During this period, their exact role, if any in the nucleation of hydroxyapatite mineral, and its subsequent association with the collagen fibrils in the organic matrix has been debated and remains controversial.
SCOPE OF REVIEW
This review summarizes studies spanning the whole history of matrix vesicles, but emphasizes recent findings and several hypotheses which have been recently introduced to explain in greater detail how matrix vesicles function in biomineralization.
MAJOR CONCLUSIONS
It is now generally accepted that matrix vesicles have some role(s) in mineralization; that they are the initial site of mineral formation; that MV bud from the plasma membrane of mineral forming cells, but that they take with them only a subset of the materials found in the parent membrane; that the three proteins, alkaline phosphatase, nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase and annexin V have important roles in the process and that matrix vesicles participate in regulating the concentration of PPi in the matrix. In contrast, many open questions remain to be answered.
GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE
Understanding the role of matrix vesicles in biomineralization will increase our knowledge of this important process.
背景
四十多年来，基质小泡一直被认为与钙化软骨、骨和牙本质的矿化有关。在此期间，它们在羟基磷灰石矿物质成核过程中的确切作用（如果有的话）以及随后与有机基质中胶原纤维的关联一直存在争议。
综述范围
本综述总结了贯穿基质小泡研究整个历史的各项研究，但着重强调了近期的发现以及最近提出的几个假说，这些假说旨在更详细地解释基质小泡在生物矿化过程中的作用机制。
主要结论
目前普遍认为基质小泡在矿化过程中发挥着一定作用；它们是矿物质形成的起始位点；基质小泡从矿化形成细胞的质膜上出芽，但仅携带母细胞膜中一部分物质；碱性磷酸酶、核苷酸焦磷酸酶磷酸二酯酶和膜联蛋白V这三种蛋白质在该过程中发挥重要作用，并且基质小泡参与调节基质中焦磷酸（PPi）的浓度。然而，仍有许多悬而未决的问题有待解答。
普遍意义
了解基质小泡在生物矿化中的作用将增进我们对这一重要过程的认识。
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