Dwarkanath Pratibha, Muthayya Sumithra, Thomas Tinku, Vaz Mario, Parikh Panam, Mehra Ruchika, Kurpad Anura V
Division of Nutrition, St. John's Medical College and Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2009;18(3):389-94.
In recent years there is growing interest on the role of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 LC-PUFA) in pregnancy and the growth and development of the offspring. We aim to characterize and provide baseline data on the intake of LCPUFA (omega-3 and omega-6) in a prospective cohort of 829 pregnant Indian women and report associations between LCPUFA intake and erythrocyte membrane phospholipid fatty acid concentration in a sub-group at baseline (1st trimester), the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy. The dietary intake of all the macronutrients and of alpha-linolenic acid(ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) significantly increased over the 3 trimesters of pregnancy while that of omega-6 fatty acids (FA) remained unchanged. Median omega-3 FA intakes of ALA, EPA and DHA, however, were on average low at 0.56, 0.003 and 0.011 g/d, respectively while LA was 14.6 g/d during pregnancy. Consequently, the intake ratio of ALA to LA in the women in the present study was very low at 1:26. A significant decline in erythrocyte membrane arachidonic acid (AA) concentration but not of DHA was observed throughout pregnancy. This might be due to increased efficiency in terms of elongation of parent omega-3 FA. Dietary methods for improving the consumption of omega-3 FA need to be considered in the diets of young women as well as during pregnancy. As newborns primarily depend on placental transfer of omega-3 FA there is need to examine the omega-3 LC-PUFA concentration in infants of mother's with low intakes of omega-3 FA.
近年来，人们对长链ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸（ω-3 LC-PUFA）在孕期及后代生长发育中的作用越来越感兴趣。我们旨在对829名印度孕妇的前瞻性队列中LCPUFA（ω-3和ω-6）的摄入量进行特征描述并提供基线数据，并报告基线（孕早期）、孕中期和孕晚期亚组中LCPUFA摄入量与红细胞膜磷脂脂肪酸浓度之间的关联。在孕期的三个阶段中，所有常量营养素以及α-亚麻酸（ALA）、二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的膳食摄入量均显著增加，而ω-6脂肪酸（FA）的摄入量则保持不变。然而，ALA、EPA和DHA的ω-3 FA摄入量中位数平均较低，分别为0.56、0.003和0.011 g/天，而孕期亚油酸（LA）的摄入量为14.6 g/天。因此，本研究中女性的ALA与LA摄入比非常低，为1:26。在整个孕期观察到红细胞膜花生四烯酸（AA）浓度显著下降，但DHA浓度未下降。这可能是由于母体ω-3 FA的延长效率提高所致。在年轻女性的饮食以及孕期饮食中，需要考虑改善ω-3 FA摄入量的膳食方法。由于新生儿主要依赖于ω-3 FA的胎盘转运，因此有必要检查ω-3 FA摄入量低的母亲所生婴儿的ω-3 LC-PUFA浓度。
