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“巨大的鸿沟”:连接历史、“特殊儿童”、ADHD 与日常家庭生活。

"A massive long way": interconnecting histories, a "special child," ADHD, and everyday family life.

机构信息

Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA.

出版信息

Cult Med Psychiatry. 2009 Dec;33(4):559-607. doi: 10.1007/s11013-009-9155-1.

Abstract

Focusing on one family from a study of dual-earner middle-class families carried out in Los Angeles, California, this article draws on interview and video-recorded data of everyday interactions to explore illness and healing as embedded in the microcultural context of the Morris family. For this family, an important aspect of what is at stake for them in their daily lives is best understood by focusing on 9-year-old Mark, who has been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this article, we grapple with the complexity of conveying some sense of how Mark's condition is experienced and relationally enacted in everyday contexts. Through illuminating connections between lives as lived and lives as told, we explore the narrative structuring of healing in relation to Mark's local moral world with the family at its center. We examine how his parents understand the moral consequences of the child's past for his present and future, and work to encourage others to give due weight to his troubled beginnings before this child joined the Morris family. At the same time, we see how the Morris parents act to structure Mark's moral experience and orient to a desired future in which Mark's "success" includes an appreciation of how he is accountable to others for his actions. Through our analyses, we also seek to contribute to discussions on what is at stake in everyday life contexts for children with ADHD and their families, through illuminating aspects of the cultural, moral and relational terrain that U.S. families navigate in contending with a child's diagnosis of ADHD. Further, given that ADHD is often construed as a "disorder of volition," we seek to advance anthropological theorizing about the will in situations where volitional control over behavior is seen to be disordered.

摘要

本文聚焦于加利福尼亚州洛杉矶一项针对双职工中产阶级家庭的研究中的一个家庭,利用访谈和日常互动的视频记录数据,探讨疾病和治疗如何嵌入莫里斯家庭的微观文化背景。对于这个家庭来说,他们日常生活中至关重要的一个方面,可以通过关注 9 岁的马克(Mark)来理解,他被诊断出患有注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)。在本文中,我们努力传达马克在日常环境中体验和表现出的病情的复杂性。通过阐明生活经历和生活讲述之间的联系,我们探讨了治疗与以家庭为中心的马克的当地道德世界之间的叙事结构。我们研究了他的父母如何理解孩子过去的道德后果对他现在和未来的影响,并努力鼓励其他人充分重视孩子加入莫里斯家庭之前的麻烦开端。同时,我们看到莫里斯父母如何构建马克的道德体验,并为他的未来定位,在这个未来中,马克的“成功”包括对他因自己的行为而对他人负责的认识。通过我们的分析,我们还试图通过阐明美国家庭在应对孩子 ADHD 诊断时所涉及的文化、道德和关系领域的方面,为讨论 ADHD 儿童及其家庭在日常生活背景下的利害关系做出贡献。此外,鉴于 ADHD 通常被视为一种“意志障碍”,我们试图在行为意志控制被视为紊乱的情况下,推进关于意志的人类学理论。

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Adaptive will: the evolution of attention deficit disorder.适应性意志:注意力缺陷障碍的演变
J Hist Behav Sci. 2000 Spring;36(2):149-69. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1520-6696(200021)36:2<149::aid-jhbs3>3.0.co;2-9.

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