Chapman Louisa E
Office of Critical Information Integration and Exchange, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Mt Sinai J Med. 2009 Oct;76(5):435-41. doi: 10.1002/msj.20131.
Xenotransplantation is the attempt to use living biological material from nonhuman animal species in humans for therapeutic purposes. Clinical trials and preclinical studies have suggested that living cells and tissue from other species have the potential to be used in humans to ameliorate disease. However, the potential for successful xenotransplantation to cure human disease is coupled with the risk that therapeutic use of living nonhuman cells in humans may also serve to introduce xenogeneic infections of unpredictable significance. Animal husbandry practices and xenotransplantation product preparation may eliminate most exogenous infectious agents prior to transplantation. However, endogenous retroviruses are present in the genomes of all mammalian cells, have an inadequately defined ability to infect human cells, and have generated public health concern. The history of xenotransplantation, the implications for public health, the global consensus on public safeguards necessary to accompany clinical trials, and the future direction of xenotransplantation are discussed in the context of public health. Mt Sinai J Med 76:435-441, 2009. (c) 2009 Mount Sinai School of Medicine.
异种移植是指尝试将非人类动物物种的生物活性材料用于人类的治疗目的。临床试验和临床前研究表明，来自其他物种的活细胞和组织有可能用于人类以改善疾病。然而，异种移植成功治愈人类疾病的可能性伴随着这样的风险，即人类使用活的非人类细胞进行治疗也可能导致引入具有不可预测意义的异种感染。畜牧实践和异种移植产品制备可能会在移植前消除大多数外源性传染源。然而，内源性逆转录病毒存在于所有哺乳动物细胞的基因组中，其感染人类细胞的能力尚不明确，这引发了公众对健康问题的担忧。本文将在公共卫生的背景下讨论异种移植的历史、对公共卫生的影响、临床试验所需公共保障措施的全球共识以及异种移植的未来发展方向。《西奈山医学杂志》第76卷：435 - 441页，2009年。（c）2009年西奈山医学院。
