Clapp Carmen, Thebault Stéphanie, Jeziorski Michael C, Martínez De La Escalera Gonzalo
Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico.
Physiol Rev. 2009 Oct;89(4):1177-215. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00024.2009.
It is now apparent that regulation of blood vessel growth contributes to the classical actions of hormones on development, growth, and reproduction. Endothelial cells are ideally positioned to respond to hormones, which act in concert with locally produced chemical mediators to regulate their growth, motility, function, and survival. Hormones affect angiogenesis either directly through actions on endothelial cells or indirectly by regulating proangiogenic factors like vascular endothelial growth factor. Importantly, the local microenvironment of endothelial cells can determine the outcome of hormone action on angiogenesis. Members of the growth hormone/prolactin/placental lactogen, the renin-angiotensin, and the kallikrein-kinin systems that exert stimulatory effects on angiogenesis can acquire antiangiogenic properties after undergoing proteolytic cleavage. In view of the opposing effects of hormonal fragments and precursor molecules, the regulation of the proteases responsible for specific protein cleavage represents an efficient mechanism for balancing angiogenesis. This review presents an overview of the actions on angiogenesis of the above-mentioned peptide hormonal families and addresses how specific proteolysis alters the final outcome of these actions in the context of health and disease.
现在很明显，血管生长的调节有助于激素对发育、生长和繁殖的经典作用。内皮细胞处于理想位置来响应激素，激素与局部产生的化学介质协同作用，调节内皮细胞的生长、运动、功能和存活。激素可通过直接作用于内皮细胞或间接调节血管内皮生长因子等促血管生成因子来影响血管生成。重要的是，内皮细胞的局部微环境可决定激素对血管生成作用的结果。对血管生成具有刺激作用的生长激素/催乳素/胎盘催乳素系统、肾素-血管紧张素系统和激肽释放酶-激肽系统的成员，在经历蛋白水解切割后可获得抗血管生成特性。鉴于激素片段和前体分子的相反作用，负责特定蛋白切割的蛋白酶的调节代表了一种平衡血管生成的有效机制。本综述概述了上述肽类激素家族对血管生成的作用，并探讨了在健康和疾病背景下特定蛋白水解如何改变这些作用的最终结果。
