Szolnoki Attila, Perc Matjaz, Szabó György, Stark Hans-Ulrich
Research Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary.
Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2009 Aug;80(2 Pt 1):021901. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.80.021901. Epub 2009 Aug 4.
Aging is always present, tailoring our interactions with others, and postulating a finite lifespan during which we are able to exercise them. We consider the prisoner's dilemma game on a square lattice and examine how quenched age distributions and different aging protocols influence the evolution of cooperation when taking the life experience and knowledge accumulation into account as time passes. In agreement with previous studies, we find that a quenched assignment of age to players, introducing heterogeneity to the game, substantially promotes cooperative behavior. Introduction of aging and subsequent death as a coevolutionary process may act detrimental on cooperation but enhances it efficiently if the offspring of individuals that have successfully passed their strategy is considered newborn. We study resulting age distributions of players and show that the heterogeneity is vital-yet insufficient-for explaining the observed differences in cooperator abundance on the spatial grid. The unexpected increment of cooperation levels can be explained by a dynamical effect that has a highly selective impact on the propagation of cooperator and defector states.
衰老始终存在，它塑造着我们与他人的互动，并假定我们有一个有限的寿命，在此期间我们能够进行这些互动。我们考虑在正方形晶格上的囚徒困境博弈，并研究当考虑到随着时间推移的生活经验和知识积累时，固定的年龄分布和不同的衰老协议如何影响合作的演变。与先前的研究一致，我们发现给玩家固定分配年龄，给游戏引入异质性，会显著促进合作行为。将衰老和随后的死亡作为一个共同进化过程引入，可能对合作产生不利影响，但如果成功传递其策略的个体的后代被视为新生个体，则会有效地增强合作。我们研究了玩家由此产生的年龄分布，并表明异质性对于解释在空间网格上观察到的合作者丰度差异至关重要，但并不充分。合作水平的意外增加可以通过一种动态效应来解释，这种效应对合作者和背叛者状态的传播具有高度选择性的影响。
