Yang Yonghui, Li Minjie, Wu Jicheng, Pan Xiaoying, Gao Cuimin, Tang Darrell W S
Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource Environment, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China.
Yuanyang Experimental Station of Crop Water Use, Ministry of Agriculture, Yuanyang, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Feb 8;12:788651. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.788651. eCollection 2021.
Reductions in soil productivity and soil water retention capacity, and water scarcity during crop growth, may occur due to long-term suboptimal tillage and fertilization practices. Therefore, the application of appropriate tillage (subsoiling) and fertilization (organic fertilizer) practices is important for improving soil structure, water conservation and soil productivity. We hypothesize that subsoiling tillage combined with organic fertilizer has a better effect than subsoiling or organic fertilizer alone. A field experiment in Henan, China, has been conducted since 2011 to explore the effects of subsoiling and organic fertilizer, in combination, on winter wheat ( L.) farming. We studied the effects of conventional tillage (CT), subsoiling (S), organic fertilizer (OF), and organic fertilizer combined with subsoiling (S+OF) treatments on dry matter accumulation (DM), water consumption (ET), water use efficiency (WUE) at different growth stages, yield, and water production efficiency (WPE) of winter wheat over 3 years (2016-2017, 2017-2018, 2018-2019). We also analyzed the soil structure, soil organic carbon, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and soil enzymes in 2019. The results indicate that compared with CT, the S, OF and S+OF treatments increased the proportion of >0.25 mm aggregates, and S+OF especially led to increased soil organic carbon, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, soil enzyme activity (sucrase, cellulose, and urease). S+OF treatment was most effective in reducing ET, and increasing DM and WUE during the entire growth period of wheat. S+OF treatment also increased the total dry matter accumulation (Total DM) and total water use efficiency (total WUE) by 18.6-32.0% and 36.6-42.7%, respectively, during these 3 years. Wheat yield and WPE under S+OF treatment increased by 11.6-28.6% and 26.8-43.6%, respectively, in these 3 years. Therefore, S+OF in combination was found to be superior to S or OF alone, which in turn yielded better results than the CT.
长期的非最优耕作和施肥方式可能导致土壤生产力下降、土壤保水能力降低以及作物生长期间缺水。因此，采用适当的耕作（深松）和施肥（有机肥）方式对于改善土壤结构、节水和提高土壤生产力至关重要。我们假设深松耕作与有机肥相结合比单独进行深松或施用有机肥具有更好的效果。自2011年以来，在中国河南进行了一项田间试验，以探究深松和有机肥相结合对冬小麦（L.）种植的影响。我们研究了常规耕作（CT）、深松（S）、有机肥（OF）以及有机肥与深松相结合（S + OF）处理对冬小麦在3年（2016 - 2017年、2017 - 2018年、2018 - 2019年）不同生长阶段的干物质积累（DM）、耗水量（ET）、水分利用效率（WUE）、产量以及水分生产效率（WPE）的影响。我们还在2019年分析了土壤结构、土壤有机碳、土壤微生物生物量碳和氮以及土壤酶。结果表明，与CT相比，S、OF和S + OF处理增加了>0.25毫米团聚体的比例，并且S + OF尤其导致土壤有机碳、土壤微生物生物量碳和氮以及土壤酶活性（蔗糖酶、纤维素酶和脲酶）增加。S + OF处理在降低小麦整个生育期的ET以及增加DM和WUE方面最为有效。在这3年中，S + OF处理还使总干物质积累（总DM）和总水分利用效率（总WUE）分别提高了18.6 - 32.0%和36.6 - 42.7%。在这3年中，S + OF处理下的小麦产量和WPE分别提高了11.6 - 28.6%和26.8 - 43.6%。因此，发现S + OF相结合优于单独的S或OF，而单独的S或OF又比CT产生更好的结果。
