Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Cleve Clin J Med. 2009 Oct;76(10):592-8. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.76a.09014.
Less-invasive interventions for upper tract urolithiasis are extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Each has advantages and disadvantages, depending on the location, size, and composition of the stone and on the patient's renal anatomy, body habitus, and comorbidities.
对于上尿路结石，微创介入治疗包括体外冲击波碎石术、输尿管镜检查和经皮肾镜取石术。每种方法都有其优缺点，取决于结石的位置、大小和成分，以及患者的肾脏解剖结构、身体形态和合并症。
