Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
Am J Hypertens. 2009 Dec;22(12):1287-94. doi: 10.1038/ajh.2009.189. Epub 2009 Oct 1.
There are only a very limited number of studies relating to risk factors for hypertension in rural populations in China. There are even fewer studies comparing various hypertension subtypes.
A cross-sectional investigation was carried out in a representative sample of 20,390 subjects drawn from among 1,180,000 adult residents of Tongshan County of Jiangsu Province, China. The impact of risk factors including demographic, socioeconomic, dietary, and behavioral, on three hypertension subtypes, namely, isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH), and systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH), was analyzed by applying statistical tests and a classification tree.
ISH was the predominant untreated hypertension subtype (13.68 +/- 0.24%) in the adults of Tongshan County, followed by SDH (11.70 +/- 0.23%) and IDH (6.24 +/- 0.17%). Age, number of cigarettes smoked daily, and the types of vitamins taken varied among the ISH, IDH, and SDH classification trees. Low socioeconomic status was associated with an increased risk for ISH and SDH. Light alcohol intake was associated with higher risk for ISH, but with lower risks for IDH and SDH. Light cigarette smoking was associated with higher ISH risk but lower SDH risk. The intake of appropriate amounts of fish, shrimp, or meat lowered the risks for ISH and IDH. The intake of appropriate amounts of seafood, eggs, milk, or fruit lowered the risks for all hypertension subtypes. Interestingly, an excessive preference for sweet or salty foods was associated with a higher risk for all the subtypes.
In Tongshan County, there was a considerable prevalence of hypertension of various subtypes, each associated with distinctive and complex risk factors. This suggests that there is a need for testing more diverse prevention measures, tailored to specific subtypes.
仅有非常有限的研究涉及中国农村人口高血压的危险因素。比较各种高血压亚型的研究则更少。
对来自中国江苏省铜山县的 118 万成年居民中抽取的 20390 例代表性样本进行了横断面调查。应用统计学检验和分类树分析了包括人口统计学、社会经济学、饮食和行为等危险因素对三种高血压亚型（孤立性收缩期高血压（ISH）、孤立性舒张期高血压（IDH）和收缩期-舒张期高血压（SDH））的影响。
在铜山县成年人中，ISH 是未经治疗的主要高血压亚型（13.68±0.24%），其次是 SDH（11.70±0.23%）和 IDH（6.24±0.17%）。ISH、IDH 和 SDH 分类树中，年龄、每日吸烟支数和服用的维生素类型有所不同。低社会经济地位与 ISH 和 SDH 的风险增加相关。轻度饮酒与 ISH 风险增加相关，但与 IDH 和 SDH 风险降低相关。轻度吸烟与 ISH 风险增加相关，但与 SDH 风险降低相关。适量摄入鱼、虾或肉类可降低 ISH 和 IDH 的风险。适量摄入海鲜、鸡蛋、牛奶或水果可降低所有高血压亚型的风险。有趣的是，对甜食或咸食的过度偏好与所有亚型的风险增加相关。
在铜山县，存在各种高血压亚型的相当大的流行，每种亚型都与独特而复杂的危险因素相关。这表明需要测试更多针对特定亚型的多样化预防措施。
