User participation in community mental health services: exploring the experiences of users and professionals.

Increased user participation and community integration are central aims for contemporary mental health policy in many countries. User participation in community mental health services is developed through practice; from interaction between service-users and professionals working on the ground level. Despite this, there is a lack of research exploring users' and professionals' experiences and views based on the practice of user participation. The objective of this study was to illuminate user participation in a community mental health context based on the experiences of users and professionals within the same services. A qualitative study with an explorative design was applied. Preliminary data analyses based on a field study within three community mental health centres in a Norwegian city lead to our specific focus on experiences of user participation. This theme was explored in individual interviews with 10 users and two group interviews with six professionals. This article is based on the data from these interviews. All informants valued user participation in the service and highlighted the importance of the environment. Users and professionals did, however, highlight interesting issues of user participation from different perspectives. We developed the findings into three main themes: (i) user participation--experiences and preferences, (ii) an environment that promotes user participation and (iii) professional help, responsibility and user participation. Developing service-users' influence through participation is important, not only on the political and organisational level, but also in the contexts where users and professionals meet and collaborate. Self-determination in how to use services means that there are opportunities for receiving support without being subjected to control. Community mental health services which provide flexible, accepting environments with possibilities for both support and challenges may enhance participation and give all users possibilities to have an influence.