Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Addiction. 2009 Dec;104(12):1981-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02694.x. Epub 2009 Oct 5.
To analyze the dose-response relationship between average daily alcohol consumption and the risk of hypertension via systematic review and meta-analysis.
A computer-assisted search was completed for 10 databases, followed by hand searches of relevant articles. Only studies with longitudinal design, quantitative measurement of alcohol consumption and biological measurement of outcome were included. Dose-response relationships were assessed by determining the best-fitting model via first- and second-degree fractional polynomials. Various tests for heterogeneity and publication bias were conducted.
A total of 12 cohort studies were identified from the literature from the United States, Japan and Korea. A linear dose-response relationship with a relative risk of 1.57 at 50 g pure alcohol per day and 2.47 at 100 g per day was seen for men. Among women, the meta-analysis indicated a more modest protective effect than reported previously: a significant protective effect was reported for consumption at or below about 5 g per day, after which a linear dose-response relationship was found with a relative risk of 1.81 at 50 g per day and of 2.81 at an average daily consumption of 100 g pure alcohol per day. Among men, Asian populations had higher risks than non-Asian populations.
The risk for hypertension increases linearly with alcohol consumption, so limiting alcohol intake should be advised for both men and women.
通过系统评价和荟萃分析，分析平均每日酒精摄入量与高血压风险之间的剂量-反应关系。
计算机辅助检索了 10 个数据库，并对手头相关文章进行了检索。仅纳入具有纵向设计、酒精摄入量定量测量和结局生物学测量的研究。通过一阶和二阶分数多项式确定最佳拟合模型来评估剂量-反应关系。进行了各种异质性和发表偏倚检验。
从美国、日本和韩国的文献中总共确定了 12 项队列研究。男性的线性剂量-反应关系为每天 50 克纯酒精的相对风险为 1.57，每天 100 克的相对风险为 2.47。对于女性，荟萃分析显示出比之前报道的更适度的保护作用：每天摄入 5 克或以下时，报告有显著的保护作用，之后发现线性剂量-反应关系，每天 50 克纯酒精的相对风险为 1.81，每天 100 克的相对风险为 2.81。在男性中，亚洲人群的风险高于非亚洲人群。
高血压的风险与酒精摄入量呈线性关系，因此建议男性和女性都应限制饮酒。
