Ejezie G C, Ezedinachi E N, Usanga E A, Gemade E I, Ikpatt N W, Alaribe A A
Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Nigeria.
Acta Trop. 1990 Oct;48(1):17-24. doi: 10.1016/0001-706x(90)90061-4.
We examined the malaria situation among 489 children under 5 years of age in the rural villages of Aboh Mbaise, Nigeria, using a combination of a standard questionnaire technique and laboratory diagnosis to confirm clinical observations. The results show a high prevalence rate of 52.8% for Plasmodium falciparum in this area. The geometric mean parasite density (GMPD) was 19,361.4/mm3. The proportion of children with fever and/or parasitaemia was not related to age, although the numbers in the febrile group appeared to increase with age. Using 37.5 degrees C as the threshold for fever, 48.7% of the heavily infected group (more than 1000/mm3) were afebrile while 51.3% were febrile. High grade temperatures above 38 degrees C were associated with high parasitaemia above 10,000 parasites/mm3. Of the 911 children who died in the area within the last five years, 22.4% died of fever of unknown origin, 39.7% from malaria, 22.5% from convulsion, 10.5% from diarrhoea and 4.6% from cough. Chloroquine is the drug of choice for the treatment of malaria and there were many cases of drug abuse, and use of sub-curative doses prescribed by non-medically qualified staff.
我们采用标准问卷调查技术与实验室诊断相结合的方法，对尼日利亚阿博姆拜塞农村地区489名5岁以下儿童的疟疾情况进行了调查，以证实临床观察结果。结果显示，该地区恶性疟原虫的流行率高达52.8%。几何平均寄生虫密度（GMPD）为19361.4/mm³。发热和/或寄生虫血症儿童的比例与年龄无关，尽管发热组的人数似乎随年龄增加而增多。以37.5摄氏度作为发热阈值，重度感染组（超过1000/mm³）中48.7%无发热症状，51.3%发热。体温高于38摄氏度与寄生虫血症高于10000个寄生虫/mm³相关。在过去五年中该地区死亡的911名儿童中，22.4%死于不明原因发热，39.7%死于疟疾，22.5%死于惊厥，10.5%死于腹泻，4.6%死于咳嗽。氯喹是治疗疟疾的首选药物，存在许多药物滥用情况，以及由非医学专业人员开具的低于治疗剂量的用药情况。
