Reunala T, Brummer-Korvenkontio H, Lappalainen P, Räsänen L, Palosuo T
Department of Dermatology and Clinical Sciences, University of Tampere, Finland.
Clin Exp Allergy. 1990 Nov;20 Suppl 4:19-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1990.tb02472.x.
Cutaneous reactions to mosquito bites are usually pruritic weals and delayed papules. Arthus-type local and systemic symptoms can also occur but anaphylactic reactions are very rare. Both clinical and experimental evidence suggest that the various bite reactions result from sensitization to the mosquito saliva injected into the skin during feeding. Recent immunoblot studies have shown both IgG- and IgE-class anti-mosquito antibodies, but their species-specificity and clinical importance is at present unknown. In addition to an Arthus-type mechanism, both cutaneous late-phase reactivity and cell-mediated immunity may be involved in the pathophysiology of delayed mosquito-bite lesions. Cutaneous sensitization to mosquito bites can be divided into five different stages ranging from the stages of immediate wealing and delayed bite papules, to the stage of non-reactivity. No desensitization treatment is generally available for mosquito allergy but it has recently been shown that cetirizine, a potent non-sedating antihistamine, is effective against the wealing and pruritus caused by mosquito bites.
蚊虫叮咬引起的皮肤反应通常是瘙痒性风团和迟发性丘疹。阿瑟斯型局部和全身症状也可能出现，但过敏反应非常罕见。临床和实验证据均表明，各种叮咬反应是由于对蚊虫在叮咬时注入皮肤的唾液致敏所致。最近的免疫印迹研究已显示出IgG和IgE类抗蚊虫抗体，但其种属特异性和临床重要性目前尚不清楚。除了阿瑟斯型机制外，皮肤迟发性反应和细胞介导的免疫可能都参与了蚊虫叮咬迟发性皮损的病理生理过程。对蚊虫叮咬的皮肤致敏可分为五个不同阶段，从即刻风团和迟发性叮咬丘疹阶段，到无反应阶段。一般没有针对蚊虫过敏的脱敏治疗方法，但最近有研究表明，西替利嗪，一种强效非镇静性抗组胺药，对蚊虫叮咬引起的风团和瘙痒有效。
