Reunala T, Brummer-Korvenkontio H, Palosuo T
Department of Dermatology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Ann Med. 1994 Aug;26(4):301-6. doi: 10.3109/07853899409147906.
Most, if not all, people are sensitized to mosquito bites in childhood. Cutaneous symptoms include immediate wheal-and-flare reactions and delayed bite papules, which tend to be more severe at the onset of the mosquito season. Systemic reactions to mosquito bites are, however, very rare. Recent immunoblot studies have demonstrated IgE antibodies to Aedes communis mosquito saliva 22 and 36 kD proteins. This confirms that specific sensitization occurs in man and indicates that mosquito-bite whealing is a classic type I allergic reaction. The delayed mosquito-bite papules seem to be cutaneous late-phase reactions mediated by eosinophils or they could also represent type IV lymphocyte-mediated immune reactions. People living in heavily infested areas such as Lapland frequently acquire tolerance to mosquito bites, and seem to have negligible levels of IgE but high amounts of IgG4 antisaliva antibodies. Desensitization treatment is a theoretical possibility but prophylactically given cetirizine, an H1-blocking antihistamine, has been shown to be helpful for people suffering from mosquito bites.
大多数人（即便不是所有人）在童年时期就对蚊虫叮咬敏感。皮肤症状包括即刻出现的风团及潮红反应和延迟出现的叮咬丘疹，在蚊虫季节开始时往往更为严重。然而，蚊虫叮咬引起的全身反应非常罕见。最近的免疫印迹研究已证实针对普通伊蚊唾液22kD和36kD蛋白的IgE抗体。这证实了人体会发生特异性致敏，并表明蚊虫叮咬引起的风团是典型的I型过敏反应。延迟出现的蚊虫叮咬丘疹似乎是由嗜酸性粒细胞介导的皮肤迟发相反应，或者它们也可能代表IV型淋巴细胞介导的免疫反应。生活在像拉普兰这样蚊虫大量滋生地区的人常常会对蚊虫叮咬产生耐受性，并且似乎IgE水平可忽略不计，但有大量的IgG4抗唾液抗体。脱敏治疗在理论上是可行的，但预防性给予西替利嗪（一种H1阻断型抗组胺药）已被证明对遭受蚊虫叮咬的人有帮助。
