School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
Epidemiol Infect. 2010 Jul;138(7):1059-70. doi: 10.1017/S0950268809990902. Epub 2009 Oct 8.
We determined the frequency of isolation of Leptospira from dogs and rodents, the serovars of Leptospira, and the clinical, gross and histological manifestations in dogs with leptospirosis in Trinidad. From dogs, samples of urine, blood and kidney were collected while only kidney and blood samples of trapped rodents were used. Isolates were cultured and serotyped using a panel of 23 international serovars and monoclonal antibodies. The risk factors for leptospirosis were also determined in owned dogs using a standard questionnaire. Of a total of 468 animals investigated for Leptospira, 70 (15.0%) were positive, comprising nine (18.0%) of 50 suspected canine leptospirosis cases, seven (3.4%) of 207 stray dogs and 54 (25.6%) of 211 rodents. The observation that rodents have a statistically (P<0.05, chi2) higher frequency of isolation emphasizes the importance of rodents as reservoirs of leptospirosis in the country. Copenhageni was the predominant serovar found in 100.0% (7/7), 33.3% (2/6) and 68.5% (37/54) of isolates from suspected canine leptospirosis cases, stray dogs and rodents, respectively. Serovars Icterohaemorrhagiae and Canicola, the two serovars present in the commercial vaccines used locally, were detected in one (1.5%) and zero (0.0%) isolates respectively of the 67 tested. Data provided suggest that the apparent vaccine failure may be a consequence of the fact that the predominant serovar (Copenhageni) detected in sick, apparently healthy dogs and in rodents is not contained in the vaccines used locally to protect dogs against canine leptospirosis.
我们确定了特立尼达犬和啮齿动物中钩端螺旋体的分离频率、钩端螺旋体血清型以及钩端螺旋体病犬的临床、大体和组织学表现。从犬中采集尿液、血液和肾脏样本，而仅从捕获的啮齿动物中采集肾脏和血液样本。使用 23 种国际血清型和单克隆抗体对分离株进行培养和血清分型。还使用标准问卷确定了有主人的犬中钩端螺旋体病的危险因素。在总共调查的 468 只动物中，有 70 只（15.0%）呈阳性，其中 50 例疑似犬钩端螺旋体病病例中有 9 例（18.0%），207 只流浪犬中有 7 例（3.4%），211 只啮齿动物中有 54 例（25.6%）。观察到啮齿动物的分离率具有统计学意义（P<0.05，chi2）更高，这强调了啮齿动物作为该国钩端螺旋体病的重要储存宿主。哥本哈根血清型在疑似犬钩端螺旋体病病例、流浪犬和啮齿动物的分离株中分别占 100.0%（7/7）、33.3%（2/6）和 68.5%（37/54），是主要的血清型。在当地使用的商业疫苗中存在的两个血清型 Icterohaemorrhagiae 和 Canicola，在 67 株检测株中分别检测到 1 株（1.5%）和 0 株（0.0%）。提供的数据表明，明显的疫苗失败可能是由于在患病犬和啮齿动物中检测到的主要血清型（哥本哈根血清型）与当地用于保护犬类免受犬钩端螺旋体病的疫苗不相符所致。
