Adesiyun A A, Hull-Jackson C, Mootoo N, Halsall S, Bennett R, Clarke N R, Whittington C U, Seepersadsingh N
School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago.
J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health. 2006 Mar;53(2):91-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2006.00922.x.
A sero-epidemiological study on canine leptospirosis was conducted in house, stray, farm and hunting dogs, as well as in suspect cases of clinical canine leptospirosis. Serum samples were collected from apparently healthy (vaccinated and non-vaccinated), house dogs. A questionnaire was administered to the owners to elicit information on risk factors for leptospirosis. The microscopic agglutination test was used to screen for leptospirosis using 17 international serovars. Reciprocal titres of between 100 and <800 were considered as evidence of past exposure while reciprocal titres of 800 or greater were classified as suggestive of acute/current infection. Of a total of 419 serum samples tested, 61 (14.6%) were seropositive for Leptospira agglutinins, 23 (5.5%) had mixed infections and 16 (3.8%) had current infection. Amongst 50 suspected cases of clinical leptospirosis, 24 (48.0%) were seropositive and only 13 (26.0%) had current infection compared with 10 (6.3%) and three (1.9%) of 160 apparently healthy house dogs respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05; chi2). Twelve (25.5%) of 47 hunting dogs, 10 (20.4%) of 49 farm dogs and five (4.4%) of 113 stray dogs were seropositive (P < 0.05; chi2). Overall, a total of nine serovars were detected with serovars mankarso, icterohaemorrhagiae RGA, autumnalis and copenhageni being involved in 29 (47.5%), 20 (32.8%), 25 (41.0%) and 10 (16.4%) respectively in 61 seropositive dogs (P < 0.05; chi2). Serovar mankarso was most predominant in seropositive apparently healthy dogs, 37.8% (14/37), suspected clinical cases of leptospirosis, 62.5% (15/24) compared with serovar icterohaemorrhagiae with a frequency of 21.6% (8/37) and 50.0% (12/24), the difference being statistically significant (P < 0.05; chi2). Although all vaccines used for prevention of canine leptospirosis in the country contain serovars canicola and icterohaemorrhagiae, serovar mankarso was mostly associated with infection and disease and may be a good candidate for inclusion in the vaccine used locally. The public health risk posed to owners of dogs infected with Leptospira cannot be over-emphasized considering the zoonotic nature of the disease.
对家养犬、流浪犬、农场犬和猎犬以及疑似犬钩端螺旋体病临床病例进行了犬钩端螺旋体病血清流行病学研究。从表面健康的（接种过疫苗和未接种过疫苗的）家养犬采集血清样本。向犬主发放问卷以获取有关钩端螺旋体病危险因素的信息。采用显微镜凝集试验，使用17种国际血清型来筛查钩端螺旋体病。凝集效价倒数在100至<800之间被视为既往接触的证据，而凝集效价倒数为800或更高则被归类为提示急性/当前感染。在总共检测的419份血清样本中，61份（14.6%）钩端螺旋体凝集素血清学阳性，23份（5.5%）有混合感染，16份（3.8%）有当前感染。在50例疑似犬钩端螺旋体病临床病例中，24例（48.0%）血清学阳性，仅13例（26.0%）有当前感染，相比之下，160只表面健康的家养犬中分别有10例（6.3%）和3例（1.9%）。差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05；卡方检验）。47只猎犬中有12只（25.5%）、49只农场犬中有10只（20.4%）以及113只流浪犬中有5只（4.4%）血清学阳性（P<0.05；卡方检验）。总体而言，共检测到9种血清型，在61只血清学阳性犬中，曼卡尔索血清型、出血性黄疸型RGA血清型、秋季热血清型和哥本哈根血清型分别占29例（47.5%）、20例（32.8%）、25例（41.0%）和10例（16.4%）（P<0.05；卡方检验）。曼卡尔索血清型在血清学阳性的表面健康犬中最为常见，占37.8%（14/37），在疑似钩端螺旋体病临床病例中占62.5%（15/24），而出血性黄疸型血清型的频率分别为21.6%（8/37）和50.0%（12/24），差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05；卡方检验）。尽管该国用于预防犬钩端螺旋体病的所有疫苗都包含犬型和出血性黄疸型血清型，但曼卡尔索血清型大多与感染和疾病相关，可能是当地使用疫苗中纳入该血清型的良好候选者。考虑到该疾病的人畜共患性质，感染钩端螺旋体的犬对犬主造成的公共卫生风险再怎么强调都不为过。
