Université de Franche-Comté, UMR-CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, UFR-SMP, Département de Mycologie, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, 25000 Besancon, France.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 Dec;75(24):7617-23. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01414-09. Epub 2009 Oct 9.
Studies have shown a link between living on a farm, exposure to microbial components (e.g., endotoxins or beta-d-glucans), and a lower risk for allergic diseases and asthma. Due to the lack of validated sampling methods, studies of asthma and atopy have not relied on exposure assessment based on culture techniques. Our objective was therefore to compare several dust sampling methods for the detection of cultivable-microorganism exposure in stables. Sixteen French farms were sampled using four different methods: (i) active air sampling using a pump, (ii) passive dust sampling with a plastic box, (iii) dust sampling with an electrostatic dust fall collector (wipe), and (iv) dust sampling using a spatula to collect dust already settled on a windowsill. The results showed that collection of settled dust samples with either plastic boxes or wipes was reproducible (pairwise correlations, 0.72 and 0.73, respectively) and resulted in highly correlated results (pairwise correlation between the two methods, 0.82). We also found that settled dust samples collected with a plastic box correctly reflected the composition of the samples collected in the air of the stable when there was no farmer activity. A loss of microbial diversity was observed when dust was kept for 3 months at room temperature. We therefore conclude that measurement of viable microorganisms within a reasonable time frame gives an accurate representation of the microbial composition of stable air.
研究表明，生活在农场中、接触微生物成分（例如内毒素或β-d-葡聚糖）与降低过敏疾病和哮喘的风险之间存在关联。由于缺乏经过验证的采样方法，哮喘和过敏的研究并未依赖于基于培养技术的暴露评估。因此，我们的目的是比较几种尘埃采样方法，以检测马厩中可培养微生物的暴露情况。使用四种不同的方法对 16 个法国农场进行了采样：（i）使用泵的主动空气采样，（ii）使用塑料盒的被动灰尘采样，（iii）使用静电尘埃沉降收集器（擦拭）进行灰尘采样，以及（iv）使用刮刀收集已经沉降在窗台上的灰尘。结果表明，使用塑料盒或擦拭器收集沉降灰尘样品具有可重复性（成对相关性分别为 0.72 和 0.73），并且结果高度相关（两种方法之间的成对相关性为 0.82）。我们还发现，当农民没有活动时，使用塑料盒收集的沉降灰尘样品正确反映了稳定空气中采集的样品的组成。当灰尘在室温下保存 3 个月时，微生物多样性会丧失。因此，我们得出结论，在合理的时间范围内测量可存活微生物可以准确反映稳定空气中的微生物组成。
