Orozco Maribel, Vasquez Joshua, Pedreira Cristina, De Oliveira Lucia Helena, Amador Juan José, Malespin Omar, Andrus Jon, Tate Jacqueline, Parashar Umesh, Patel Manish
Ministerio de Salud, Managua, Nicaragua.
J Infect Dis. 2009 Nov 1;200 Suppl 1:S125-30. doi: 10.1086/605053.
In October 2006, a new rotavirus vaccine was introduced in Nicaragua and was available free to all age-eligible children. We assessed vaccine uptake and trends in acute gastroenteritis (AGE) to assess vaccine impact.
We analyzed national data from the period 2001-2007 on the total number of AGE episodes and on RotaTeq vaccine dose administration during 2006-2007.
After the introduction of RotaTeq, 1-dose vaccine coverage rates rapidly increased to 80% among age-eligible children. During the 2007 rotavirus season, when combined 2- and 3-dose vaccine coverage among children aged 0-11 months was approximately 26%, the total number of AGE episodes among children aged 0-11 months decreased by 23%, compared with a decrease of 6% among unvaccinated children aged 12-59 months. Furthermore, a 12% decrease in the number of all-cause hospitalizations for AGE was noted among children aged 0-11 months, whereas a approximately 5% increase was observed among children aged 12-59 months.
The high rate of vaccination among age-eligible children soon after vaccine introduction in Nicaragua indicates an efficient immunization program. However, in the age group at risk of rotavirus disease, vaccine coverage during the 2007 rotavirus season had yet to reach a level sufficient for making firm conclusions about vaccine impact. Epidemiologic studies to evaluate vaccine effectiveness and ongoing surveillance as vaccine uptake increases will allow a better assessment of vaccine impact.
2006年10月，一种新型轮状病毒疫苗在尼加拉瓜投入使用，所有符合年龄要求的儿童均可免费接种。我们评估了疫苗接种率以及急性胃肠炎（AGE）的发病趋势，以评估疫苗的影响。
我们分析了2001 - 2007年期间关于AGE发病总数以及2006 - 2007年期间罗特韦拉（RotaTeq）疫苗接种剂量的全国数据。
引入罗特韦拉疫苗后，符合年龄要求的儿童中1剂疫苗接种率迅速升至80%。在2007年轮状病毒流行季节，0 - 11个月龄儿童中2剂和3剂疫苗的联合接种率约为26%，此时0 - 11个月龄儿童中AGE发病总数减少了23%，而12 - 59个月龄未接种疫苗的儿童中AGE发病数仅减少了6%。此外，0 - 11个月龄儿童中因AGE导致的全因住院人数减少了12%，而12 - 59个月龄儿童中该人数则增加了约5%。
在尼加拉瓜引入疫苗后不久，符合年龄要求的儿童中疫苗接种率很高，这表明免疫规划工作卓有成效。然而，在有感染轮状病毒疾病风险的年龄组中，2007年轮状病毒流行季节的疫苗接种率尚未达到足以就疫苗影响得出确凿结论的水平。随着疫苗接种率的提高，开展评估疫苗效力的流行病学研究以及持续监测，将有助于更好地评估疫苗的影响。
